Exam 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

A______________is a number of people who share an interest in a specific idea or issue but who are not in one another's immediate vicinity.

Describe the key assumptions of the resource mobilization theory.

The Internet,cellular phones,and satellite systems all contribute to the:

Frame bridging refers to the process whereby the creation and maintenance of new values,beliefs,and meanings induce movement participation by redefining activities and events in such a manner that people believe they must become involved in collective action.

______________ theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

______________ theory looks at a diverse array of collective actions and the manner in which those actions are based in politics,ideology,and culture.It also incorporates factors of identity,including race,class,gender,and sexuality as sources of collective action and social movements.

As______________suggested,when a change in the material culture occurs in society,a period of cultural lag follows in which the nonmaterial (ideological)culture has not caught up with material development.

Religious (expressive)movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.For example,early in the 20^th century,the Women's Christian Temperance Union attempted to get people to abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

Examples of include labor movements,animal rights movements,antinuclear _____________ Movements,Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD),and the disability rights movement.

"To reinforce the existing generalized belief,an inciting incident or dramatic event must occur." This exemplifies sociologist Neal Smelser's value­added theory condition of:

A(n)is violent crowd behavior that is fueled by deep-seated emotions but not _____________ Directed at one specific target.

Sociologists define social change as the alteration,modification,or transformation of public policy,culture,or social institutions over time;such change is usually brought about by collective behavior and social movements.

"People must become aware of a significant problem and have the opportunity to engage in collective action.Movements are more likely to occur when a person,class,or agency can be singled out as the source of the problem." This illustrates sociologist Neal Smelser's value­added theory condition of:

A number of factors contribute to______________,including social movements,population trends,technological development,and social institutions.

Describe mass behavior.

People in a shopping mall or on a city bus are examples of______________crowds.

The text observes that most sociological research on fashion has focused on:

In the aftermath of the 2010 Haiti earthquake,relief was slow in coming and looting was commonplace.For those who were caught stealing other people's possessions,"mob justice" became an issue.This illustrates which theory?

Ethnocentrism emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s out of the feminist,peace,and ecology movements.It is based on the belief that patriarchy is a root cause of environmental problems.

Sociologist______________viewed gossip as something that spread among a small group of individuals who personally knew the person who was the object of the rumor.