Exam 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

Sociologists have identified ways in which grievances are framed.______________framing provides a vocabulary of motives that compel people to take action.

______________ crowds are collectivities so intensely focused on a specific purpose or object that they may erupt into violent or destructive behavior.

According to sociologist John Lofland,a(n)______________refers to the "publicly expressed feeling perceived by participants and observers as the most prominent in an episode of collective behavior."

______________ is an organized group that acts consciously to promote or resist change through collective action.

According to______________theory,people who are satisfied with their present condition are less likely to seek social change.Social movements arise as a response to people's perception that they have been deprived of their "fair share."

______________ theory focuses on the ability of members of a social movement to acquire resources and mobilize people in order to advance their cause.

Sociologists Clark McPhail and Ronald Wohlstein added______________crowds to the four types of crowds identified by Blumer.These types of crowds engage in activities intended to achieve specific political goals.

Describe the conditions for collective behavior,the dynamics of collective behavior,and the distinctions regarding collective behavior.

______________ is defined as a currently valued style of behavior,thinking,or appearance.

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of______________- the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

The United States still has one of the best public education systems in the world for the top 15 percent of the students,but it badly fails the bottom 25 percent.

Examples of______________crowds include sit-ins,marches,boycotts,blockades,and strikes.

______________ theory emphasizes the importance of social norms in shaping crowd behavior.

Sociologist______________suggested a classic "trickle­down" theory to describe the process by which members of the lower classes emulate the fashions of the upper class.

______________ focuses on the social-psychological aspects of collective behavior;it attempts to explain how moods,attitudes,and behavior are communicated rapidly and why they are accepted by others.

Summarize the key elements of these four explanations of collective behavior: contagion theory,social unrest and circular reaction,convergence theory,and emergent norm theory.

In relation to the dynamics of collective behavior,which of the following is FALSE?

Public opinion consists of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.It is measured through polls and surveys,which use research methods such as interviews and questionnaires.

Differentiate among the five major types of social movements based on their goals and the amount of change they seek to produce.

______________ consist(s)of the attitudes and beliefs communicated by ordinary citizens to decision makers.