Exam 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

______________ crowds provide opportunities for the display of some strong emotion (such as joy,excitement,or grief).

Mobs,riots,and panics are examples of______________crowds.

______________ refer(s)to the discontent that people may feel when they compare their achievements with those of similarly situated persons and find that they have less than they think they deserve.

Very similar to the organizational behavior found in corporations and voluntary associations (such as labor unions and environmental organizations),collective behavior also has an official division of labor,hierarchy of authority,and established rules and procedures.

Explain the theories of crowd behavior.

When social movements reach the institutionalization (bureaucratization)stage,the initial zeal and idealism of members may diminish as administrators take over management of the organization.Early grassroots supporters may become disillusioned and drop out.

The______________reflects the influence of sociologist Erving Goffman's "Frame Analysis," in which he suggests that our interpretation of the particulars of events and activities is dependent on the framework from which we perceive them.

Distinguish between crowds and masses,and the influence of dominant emotions.

______________ movements seek to produce radical change in individuals and are typically based on spiritual or supernatural belief systems.

Because of its______________,a crowd has the ability to transform individuals from rational beings into a single organism with a collective mind.

______________ refer(s)to rumors about the personal lives of individuals.

Resource mobilization theory is based on the assumption that a social movement is an interactive,symbolically defined,and negotiated process that involves participants,opponents,and bystanders.

Sociologists have identified ways in which grievances are framed.______________framing pinpoints possible solutions or remedies,based on the target previously identified.

"When a society or community is unable to meet people's expectations that something should be done about a problem,tension occurs in the system." This exemplifies sociologist Neal Smelser's value-added theory condition of:

Religious services,graduation ceremonies,concerts,and college lectures are examples of a(n) crowd.

______________ movements seek to prevent change or to undo change that has already occurred.

______________ is nonviolent action that seeks to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it.

Some religious movements are______________,that is,they forecast that "the end is near" and assert that an immediate change in behavior is imperative.

______________ focuses on the shared emotions,goals,and beliefs that many people may bring to crowd behavior.

Radical terrorists who use fear tactics to intimidate those with whom they disagree ideologically are examples of______________movements.