Exam 20: Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

Collective behavior occurs as a result of some common influence or stimulus that produces a response from a(n),which is a number of people who act together and may mutually _____________ Transcend,bypass,or subvert established institutional patterns and structures.

Examples of a(n) _____________ Include celebrations after sports victories,such as those that Occurred in Montreal,Canada,following a Stanley Cup win and in Vancouver following a playoff victory.

Since the 1980s,the emerging environmental justice movement has focused on the issue of environmental racism-the belief that a disproportionate number of hazardous facilities (including industries such as waste disposal/treatment and chemical plants)are placed in low-income areas populated primarily by people of color.

Sociologist______________asserted that fashion serves mainly to institutionalize conspicuous consumption among the wealthy.

Sociologist Herbert Blumer developed a typology in which crowds are divided into four categories.Which of the following is NOT one of these categories?

Summarize the different types of crowd behavior.

When sociologist Kai Erikson pointed out that people face a "new species of trouble," he was referring to:

In the 1960s,African American students and sympathetic whites used sit-ins to call attention to racial injustice and demanded social change.When these types of protests escalate into violent confrontations,these groups become______________crowds.

According to the text,______________was the first U.S.sociologist to investigate crowd behavior.

A classic example of mass hysteria with a widely dispersed audience was the audience reaction to actor Orson Welles's 1938 radio dramatization of H.G.Wells's science fiction classic "The War of the Worlds."

As the masses attempt to influence elites and vice versa,a two-way process occurs with the dissemination of______________,which is information provided by individuals or groups that have a vested interest in furthering their own cause or damaging an opposing one.

Sometimes,acts of civil disobedience become violent,as in a confrontation between protesters and police officers;in this case,a protest crowd becomes a(n)______________crowd.

Scholar Gustave Le Bon asserted that emotions such as fear and hate are contagious in crowds because people experience an increase in personal responsibility;they will do things by themselves that they would never do as a collectivity.

According to sociologist Robert Park,social unrest is transmitted by a process of circular reaction -the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another who,in turn,reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Recently,a variety of "New Age" movements have directed people's behavior by emphasizing spiritual consciousness combined with a belief in reincarnation and astrology.This is an example of______________movements.

Compare the relative deprivation theory and the value-added theory.

Define and summarize the conditions of the value-added theory.

______________ movements seek limited change in some aspect of people's behavior.

Identify the stages in social movements and explain why social movements may be an important source of social change.

Describe the resource mobilization theory.