Question 1

In the figure below,the Deuterostomia clade is most closely related to which two main clades?

Accepted Answer

A) Ctenophora and Cnidaria 
B) Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa 
C) Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes 
D) Echinodermata and Hemichordata 
A) Ctenophora and Cnidaria 
B) Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa 
C) Cnidaria and Platyhelminthes 
D) Echinodermata and Hemichordata

Question 2

If the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is well substantiated in the future,then what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

A) The contrary fossil evidence will be seen as a hoax. 
B) The fossil evidence will be understood to have been interpreted incorrectly because it is incomplete. 
C) The fossil record will henceforth be ignored. 
D) Phylogenies involving even the smallest bit of fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
E) Only phylogenies based solely on fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
A) The contrary fossil evidence will be seen as a hoax. 
B) The fossil evidence will be understood to have been interpreted incorrectly because it is incomplete. 
C) The fossil record will henceforth be ignored. 
D) Phylogenies involving even the smallest bit of fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
E) Only phylogenies based solely on fossil evidence will need to be discarded.

Question 3

-Use the figure to identify the most recent common ancestor (branch point)of Brachiopods and Echinoderms.How many other common ancestors (branch points)must be considered when comparing these taxa to Sponges?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 additional common ancestor 
B) 2 additional common ancestors 
C) 3 additional common ancestors 
D) 4 additional common ancestors 
A) 1 additional common ancestor 
B) 2 additional common ancestors 
C) 3 additional common ancestors 
D) 4 additional common ancestors

Question 4

Evidence indicates that an ancestral finch species from South America arrived on the Galapágos Islands and formed many new species,adapting to the diverse environments on the islands.With the evolution of these new bird species on the Galapágos Islands,we would expect to find a corresponding

Accepted Answer

A) increase in the number of bird parasites on the Galapágos Islands. 
B) decrease in the number of bird parasites on the Galapágos Islands. 
C) increase in the number of bird parasites in South America. 
D) decrease in the number of bird parasites in South America. 
E) elimination of bird parasites on the Galapágos Islands. 
A) increase in the number of bird parasites on the Galapágos Islands. 
B) decrease in the number of bird parasites on the Galapágos Islands. 
C) increase in the number of bird parasites in South America. 
D) decrease in the number of bird parasites in South America. 
E) elimination of bird parasites on the Galapágos Islands.

Question 5

Tp's body symmetry seems to be most like that of

Accepted Answer

A) most sponges. 
B) cnidarians. 
C) worms. 
D) tetrapods. 
A) most sponges. 
B) cnidarians. 
C) worms. 
D) tetrapods.

Question 6

Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?

Accepted Answer

A) a sturdy-finned,shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates 
B) an armored gnathostome with two pairs of appendages 
C) an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins 
D) a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes 
A) a sturdy-finned,shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates 
B) an armored gnathostome with two pairs of appendages 
C) an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins 
D) a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes

Question 7

Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence suggests that animals originated

Accepted Answer

A) between 710 and 770 million years ago. 
B) more than 100 million years before the oldest known fossils of large animals. 
C) during the Cambrian explosion. 
D) both A and B 
A) between 710 and 770 million years ago. 
B) more than 100 million years before the oldest known fossils of large animals. 
C) during the Cambrian explosion. 
D) both A and B

Question 8

Using similarities in body symmetry and other anatomical features to assign an organism to a clade involves
1)cladistics based on body plan.
2)molecular-based phylogeny.
3)morphology-based phylogeny.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1 and 2 only 
E) 1 and 3 only 
A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 3 only 
D) 1 and 2 only 
E) 1 and 3 only

Question 9

Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria?

Accepted Answer

A) They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue. 
B) They are primarily filter feeders. 
C) They coordinate movements through a noncentralized nerve set. 
D) They are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings). 
A) They are not capable of locomotion because they lack true muscle tissue. 
B) They are primarily filter feeders. 
C) They coordinate movements through a noncentralized nerve set. 
D) They are the simplest organisms with a complete alimentary canal (two openings).

Question 10

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Accepted Answer

A) the digestive system's opening. 
B) suspension-feeding devices. 
C) components of the jaw. 
D) gill slits for respiration. 
E) portions of the inner ear. 
A) the digestive system's opening. 
B) suspension-feeding devices. 
C) components of the jaw. 
D) gill slits for respiration. 
E) portions of the inner ear.

Question 11

Some researchers claim that sponge genomes have homeotic genes (genes that regulate development of anatomical structures)but no Hox genes (genes that regulate development of posterior-anterior axes and body segments).If true,this finding would

Accepted Answer

A) strengthen sponges' evolutionary ties to the Eumetazoa. 
B) mean that sponges must no longer be classified as animals. 
C) confirm the identity of sponges as basal animals. 
D) mean that extinct sponges must have been the last common ancestor of animals and fungi. 
E) require sponges to be reclassified as choanoflagellates. 
A) strengthen sponges' evolutionary ties to the Eumetazoa. 
B) mean that sponges must no longer be classified as animals. 
C) confirm the identity of sponges as basal animals. 
D) mean that extinct sponges must have been the last common ancestor of animals and fungi. 
E) require sponges to be reclassified as choanoflagellates.

Question 12

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic.The fact below that distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition from

Accepted Answer

A) preying on animals. 
B) ingestion. 
C) consuming living,rather than dead,prey. 
D) using enzymes to digest their food. 
A) preying on animals. 
B) ingestion. 
C) consuming living,rather than dead,prey. 
D) using enzymes to digest their food.

Question 13

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a shell that increases gas exchange. 
B) It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment. 
C) It prolongs embryonic development. 
D) It provides insulation to conserve heat. 
E) It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization. 
A) It has a shell that increases gas exchange. 
B) It allows deposition of eggs in a terrestrial environment. 
C) It prolongs embryonic development. 
D) It provides insulation to conserve heat. 
E) It permits internal fertilization to be replaced by external fertilization.

Exam 27: The Rise of Animal Diversity

In the figure below,the Deuterostomia clade is most closely related to which two main clades?

If the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is well substantiated in the future,then what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?

-Use the figure to identify the most recent common ancestor (branch point)of Brachiopods and Echinoderms.How many other common ancestors (branch points)must be considered when comparing these taxa to Sponges?

Evidence indicates that an ancestral finch species from South America arrived on the Galapágos Islands and formed many new species,adapting to the diverse environments on the islands.With the evolution of these new bird species on the Galapágos Islands,we would expect to find a corresponding

Tp's body symmetry seems to be most like that of

Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?

Fossil steroid and molecular clock evidence suggests that animals originated

Using similarities in body symmetry and other anatomical features to assign an organism to a clade involves 1)cladistics based on body plan. 2)molecular-based phylogeny. 3)morphology-based phylogeny.

Which of the following is true of members of the phylum Cnidaria?

Chordate pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first as

Some researchers claim that sponge genomes have homeotic genes (genes that regulate development of anatomical structures)but no Hox genes (genes that regulate development of posterior-anterior axes and body segments).If true,this finding would

Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic.The fact below that distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition from

Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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