Exam 27: The Rise of Animal Diversity

Which of the following are the most abundant and diverse of the extant vertebrates?

-Use the figure to identify the most recent common ancestor of Echinoderms and Chordates.How many other taxonomic groups shown in this phylogenetic tree share that same common ancestor?

Which of the following statements would be least acceptable to most zoologists?

Among the invertebrate phyla,phylum Arthropoda is unique in possessing members that have

Humans widely use pesticides on plants as a means to control insect and plant pests.However,pesticides are not selective in what they kill,so they often kill beneficial insect and plant species as well.This unintentional consequence favors plant and insect species that are pesticide resistant.This scenario is an example of

Which graph properly depicts the relationship between the amount of gas in the swim bladder and the density of the fish?

Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is (are)true? 1)Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi. 2)All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect. 3)Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic. 4)Only animals reproduce by sexual means. 5)Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.

Table 27.1.Proposed Number of Hox Genes in Various Extant and Extinct Animals -What conclusion is apparent from the data in Table 27.1?

Fossil evidence indicates that the following events occurred in what sequence,from earliest to most recent? 1)Protostomes invade terrestrial environments. 2)Cambrian explosion occurs. 3)Deuterostomes invade terrestrial environments. 4)Vertebrates become top predators in the seas.

As a result of harvesting a higher proportion of older and larger cod and other fish species for food,

The members of which clade in the phylum Cnidaria exist only as polyps?

-Using the figure above,what is the minimum age of the common ancestor of Sponges and Cnidarians?

If wild dogs take part in cooperative hunting,they will likely have a better outcome than if they hunt alone,especially if they share the prey.The dogs that cooperate are increasing the survival probability of one another.This is an example of

How do a physoclistous fish and a physostomous fish compare in terms of the amount of energy each must use to maintain its position (depth)in the water column over the long term?

A student catches a ray-finned fish from the ocean and notices that attached to its flank is an equally long,snakelike organism.The attached organism has no external segmentation,no scales,a slimy substance on its surface,a round mouth surrounded by a sucker,a tongue,and two small eyes.The student thinks it might be a marine hagfish or a lamprey.Which feature excludes the organism from possibly being a lamprey?

Which tree(s)has (have)been created by emphasizing a protein found in placozoans?

If all of the animals died in a large region of an ocean,we would expect an increase in the

A new species of aquatic chordate is discovered that closely resembles an ancient form.It has the following characteristics: external armor of bony plates,no paired lateral fins,and a suspension-feeding mode of nutrition.In addition to these,it will probably have which of the following characteristics?

In terms of food capture,which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s)below. Trichoplax adhaerens (Tp)is the only living species in the phylum Placozoa.Individuals are about 1 mm wide and only 27 μm high,are irregularly shaped,and consist of a total of about 2,000 cells,which are diploid (2n = 12).There are four types of cells,none of which is a nerve or muscle cell,and none of which has a cell wall.They move using cilia,and any "edge" can lead.Tp feeds on marine microbes,mostly unicellular green algae,by crawling atop the algae and trapping it between its ventral surface and the substrate.Enzymes are then secreted onto the algae,and the resulting nutrients are absorbed.Tp sperm cells have never been observed,nor have embryos past the 64-cell (blastula)stage. -In which of the following ways is Tp similar to a typical animal? 1)Tp is multicellular. 2)Tp lacks muscle and nerve cells. 3)Tp has cilia. 4)Tp lacks cell walls. 5)Tp does not have observable sperm cells.