Exam 27: The Rise of Animal Diversity

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated,from earliest to most recent? 1)tetrapods 2)vertebrates 3)deuterostomes 4)amniotes 5)bilaterians

Organisms at which of the following trophic levels increased the most because of the movement of animals onto land?

Which of these would a paleontologist be most likely to do in order to determine whether a fossil represents a reptile or a mammal?

Arthropods invaded land about 100 million years before vertebrates did so.This most clearly implies that

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. The most recently discovered phylum in the animal kingdom (1995)is the phylum Cycliophora.It includes three species of tiny organisms that live in large numbers on the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters.When in the feeding stage,a cycliophoran permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk and collects scraps of food from its host's feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia.Its body is sac-like and has a U-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth.Cycliophorans are eucoelomate (have a body cavity that is a coelom)and do not molt (though their host does). -Which of these features is least useful in assigning the phylum Cycliophora to a clade of animals?

Basing your inferences on information in the paragraph,to which clade(s)should cycliophorans belong? 1)Eumetazoa 2)Deuterostomia 3)Bilateria 4)Ecdysozoa 5)Lophotrochozoa

Whatever its ultimate cause(s),the Cambrian explosion is a prime example of

What is a primary,common evolutionary feature of all reptiles,mammals,and birds?

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having

A trend first observed in the evolution of the earliest tetrapods was

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a(n)

In which vertebrates is fertilization exclusively internal?

Which of these,if true,would support the claim that the ancestral cnidarians had bilateral symmetry? 1)Cnidarian larvae possess anterior-posterior,left-right,and dorsal-ventral aspects. 2)Cnidarians have fewer Hox genes than bilaterians. 3)All extant cnidarians are diploblastic. 4)All cnidarians are acoelomate.

Sponges are most accurately described as

Which of the following functions as both a mouth and an anus in members of the phylum Cnidaria?

What is true in the molecular phylogeny (B)that is not true in the traditional phylogeny (A)?

Please use the following information to answer the questions below. An elementary school science teacher decided to liven up the classroom with a saltwater aquarium.Knowing that saltwater aquaria can be quite a hassle,the teacher proceeded stepwise.First,the teacher conditioned the water.Next,the teacher decided to stock the tank with various marine invertebrates,including a sea star,a sponge,a sea urchin,a jellyfish,several hermit crabs,some sand dollars,and an ectoproct.Last,she added some vertebrates-a parrotfish and a clownfish.She arranged for daily feedings of copepods and feeder fish. -One day,Tommy (a student in an undersupervised class of 40 fifth graders)got the urge to pet Nemo (the clownfish),who was swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater "flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals.Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals felt sticky.A few hours later,Tommy was in the nurse's office with nausea and cramps.Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of

-Use the figure to identify the most recent common ancestor of Chordates and Arthropods.How many other taxonomic groups shown in this phylogenetic tree share that same common ancestor?

A new,sixth global mass-extinction event appears to be occurring on Earth today.The most likely explanation for the dramatic loss of species is

Which of the following animal groups is entirely aquatic?