Question 1

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

Accepted Answer

A) NO3- and CO2. 
B) K+ and CO2. 
C) PO43- and K+. 
D) H2O and CO2. 
A) NO3- and CO2. 
B) K+ and CO2. 
C) PO43- and K+. 
D) H2O and CO2.

Question 2

The earliest vascular plants on land had underground stems (rhizomes)but no roots.Water and mineral nutrients were most likely obtained by

Accepted Answer

A) absorption by hairs and trichomes. 
B) absorption by mycorrhizae. 
C) osmosis through the root hairs. 
D) diffusion across the cuticle of the rhizome. 
A) absorption by hairs and trichomes. 
B) absorption by mycorrhizae. 
C) osmosis through the root hairs. 
D) diffusion across the cuticle of the rhizome.

Question 3

In west Texas,cotton has become an important crop in the last several decades.However,in this hot,dry part of the country there is little rainfall,so farmers irrigate their cotton fields.They must also regularly fertilize the cotton fields because the soil is very sandy.Figure 29.1 shows the record of annual productivity (measured in kilograms of cotton per hectare of land)since 1960 in a west Texas cotton field.Use these data to answer the following question(s).
   Figure 29.1
-If you were the county agriculture agent,what would be the best advice you could give the farmer who owns the field under study in Figure 29.1?

Accepted Answer

A) Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity. 
B) Continue to fertilize,but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall. 
C) Continue to irrigate,but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil. 
D) Continue to fertilize and irrigate,but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation water until the productivity increases. 
A) Plant a variety of cotton that requires less water and can tolerate salinity. 
B) Continue to fertilize,but stop irrigating the field and rely on rainfall. 
C) Continue to irrigate,but stop fertilizing the field and rely on organic nutrients in the soil. 
D) Continue to fertilize and irrigate,but add the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium to the irrigation water until the productivity increases.

Question 4

Hydroponic culture is a technique in which

Accepted Answer

A) plants are grown in soil mixed with water. 
B) plants are grown in soil. 
C) plants are grown in pure water. 
D) plants are grown in mineral solutions. 
A) plants are grown in soil mixed with water. 
B) plants are grown in soil. 
C) plants are grown in pure water. 
D) plants are grown in mineral solutions.

Question 5

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants.You notice swellings (root nodules)on the roots,and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged.Most likely your pea plants

Accepted Answer

A) suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B) are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
C) are developing offshoots from the root. 
D) contain developing insect pupa. 
A) suffer from a mineral deficiency. 
B) are benefiting from a mutualistic bacterium. 
C) are developing offshoots from the root. 
D) contain developing insect pupa.

Question 6

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Accepted Answer

A) passive transport by the endodermis 
B) the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C) the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D) active transport by tracheid and vessel elements 
A) passive transport by the endodermis 
B) the number of companion cells in the phloem 
C) the evaporation of water from the leaves 
D) active transport by tracheid and vessel elements

Question 7

Guard cells do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) protect the endodermis 
B) accumulate K+ in order to close the stomata 
C) contain chloroplasts that import K+ directly into the cells 
D) help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise 
A) protect the endodermis 
B) accumulate K+ in order to close the stomata 
C) contain chloroplasts that import K+ directly into the cells 
D) help balance the photosynthesis-transpiration compromise

Question 8

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane,a cell containing many aquaporins will have a

Accepted Answer

A) faster rate of osmosis. 
B) lower water potential. 
C) higher water potential. 
D) faster rate of active transport. 
A) faster rate of osmosis. 
B) lower water potential. 
C) higher water potential. 
D) faster rate of active transport.

Question 9

Which of the following determines the direction of water movement across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) cell health 
B) a difference in water potential 
C) size of the cell 
D) shape of the cell 
A) cell health 
B) a difference in water potential 
C) size of the cell 
D) shape of the cell

Question 10

A class of 10 students was divided into two groups.The first group was given a rose leaf,and the second group was given a cactus.Which of these two groups identified the xerophyte based on which characteristic feature(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) group 2;thick cuticle 
B) group 2;surface stomata 
C) group 1;several stomata,thin cuticle 
D) group 1;thin cuticle 
A) group 2;thick cuticle 
B) group 2;surface stomata 
C) group 1;several stomata,thin cuticle 
D) group 1;thin cuticle

Question 11

Which of the following ions plays a critical role in transport and cotransport processes in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen 
B) nitrogen 
C) potassium 
D) calcium 
A) hydrogen 
B) nitrogen 
C) potassium 
D) calcium

Question 12

The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to

Accepted Answer

A) N2. 
B) NH3. 
C) NO2-. 
D) NO+. 
A) N2. 
B) NH3. 
C) NO2-. 
D) NO+.

Question 13

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Accepted Answer

A) leaf mesophyll cell 
B) stem xylem 
C) stem phloem 
D) root cortex cell 
A) leaf mesophyll cell 
B) stem xylem 
C) stem phloem 
D) root cortex cell

Question 14

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves.This suggests that iron is

Accepted Answer

A) a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B) tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C) concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D) concentrated in the phloem of older leaves. 
A) a relatively immobile nutrient in plants. 
B) tied up in formed chlorophyll molecules. 
C) concentrated in the xylem of older leaves. 
D) concentrated in the phloem of older leaves.

Question 15

Copper plays a critical role in ________ of plant cells.

Accepted Answer

A) water splitting in photosynthesis 
B) redox reactions and lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
C) cytochromes 
D) cofactor for enzymes needed for nitrogen fixation 
A) water splitting in photosynthesis 
B) redox reactions and lignin-biosynthetic enzymes 
C) cytochromes 
D) cofactor for enzymes needed for nitrogen fixation

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Most of the dry weight of a plant is derived from

The earliest vascular plants on land had underground stems (rhizomes)but no roots.Water and mineral nutrients were most likely obtained by

Hydroponic culture is a technique in which

You are weeding your garden when you accidentally expose some roots of your pea plants.You notice swellings (root nodules)on the roots,and there is a reddish tinge to the ones you accidentally damaged.Most likely your pea plants

What drives the flow of water through the xylem?

Guard cells do which of the following?

Compared to a cell with few aquaporins in its membrane,a cell containing many aquaporins will have a

Which of the following determines the direction of water movement across the membrane?

A class of 10 students was divided into two groups.The first group was given a rose leaf,and the second group was given a cactus.Which of these two groups identified the xerophyte based on which characteristic feature(s)?

Which of the following ions plays a critical role in transport and cotransport processes in plant cells?

The enzyme complex nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction that reduces atmospheric nitrogen to

In which plant cell or tissue would the pressure component of water potential most often be negative?

Iron deficiency is often indicated by yellowing in newly formed leaves.This suggests that iron is

Copper plays a critical role in ________ of plant cells.

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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