Question 1

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Accepted Answer

A) establish ATP gradients 
B) maintain the H+ gradient 
C) pressurize xylem transport 
D) eliminate excess electrons 
A) establish ATP gradients 
B) maintain the H+ gradient 
C) pressurize xylem transport 
D) eliminate excess electrons

Question 2

Upregulation of leghemoglobin biosynthesis in a leguminous species would most likely indicate

Accepted Answer

A) the plant is suffering from a mineral deficiency. 
B) the successful inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C) the plant is suffering from water stress. 
D) an increase in the biosynthesis of amino acids. 
A) the plant is suffering from a mineral deficiency. 
B) the successful inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. 
C) the plant is suffering from water stress. 
D) an increase in the biosynthesis of amino acids.

Question 3

Which of the following is an adaptation by plants to life on land?

Accepted Answer

A) lack of waxy cuticle 
B) Calvin cycle of photosynthesis 
C) xylem tracheids and vessels 
D) Krebs cycle of respiration 
A) lack of waxy cuticle 
B) Calvin cycle of photosynthesis 
C) xylem tracheids and vessels 
D) Krebs cycle of respiration

Question 4

________ ions in the soil solution neutralize the negative charge of soil particles,causing the release of the mineral ________ into the soil solution.

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrogen;anion 
B) Hydrogen;anion 
C) Nitrogen;cation 
D) Hydrogen;cation 
A) Nitrogen;anion 
B) Hydrogen;anion 
C) Nitrogen;cation 
D) Hydrogen;cation

Question 5

Plants can use nitrogen in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) NH3. 
B) NH4+ ion. 
C) NO3- ion. 
D) NO2- ion. 
A) NH3. 
B) NH4+ ion. 
C) NO3- ion. 
D) NO2- ion.

Question 6

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

Accepted Answer

A) active transport of ions into the stele 
B) atmospheric pressure on roots 
C) evaporation of water through stoma 
D) the force of root pressure 
A) active transport of ions into the stele 
B) atmospheric pressure on roots 
C) evaporation of water through stoma 
D) the force of root pressure

Question 7

The symplast is the continuum of cytosol connected by

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular spaces. 
B) the apoplastic route. 
C) plasmodesmata. 
D) the symplastic route. 
A) extracellular spaces. 
B) the apoplastic route. 
C) plasmodesmata. 
D) the symplastic route.

Question 8

As a biologist,it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry,hot conditions.Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective?

Accepted Answer

A) CAM plants that grow rapidly 
B) small,thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface 
C) a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves 
D) plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a short,thick taproot 
A) CAM plants that grow rapidly 
B) small,thick leaves with stomata on the lower surface 
C) a thick cuticle on fleshy leaves 
D) plants that do not produce abscisic acid and have a short,thick taproot

Question 9

Ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage.After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization.The most likely cause of this die-off is

Accepted Answer

A) competition for resources. 
B) anoxia. 
C) organic nutrient depletion. 
D) no room left for root growth. 
A) competition for resources. 
B) anoxia. 
C) organic nutrient depletion. 
D) no room left for root growth.

Question 10

Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatal aperture?

Accepted Answer

A) Fe 
B) Bo 
C) Mg 
D) K 
A) Fe 
B) Bo 
C) Mg 
D) K

Question 11

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells.Which of the following cellular structures best supports this view?

Accepted Answer

A) cell wall 
B) cell membrane 
C) vacuole 
D) plasmodesmata 
A) cell wall 
B) cell membrane 
C) vacuole 
D) plasmodesmata

Question 12

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined.The leaf was dark green and thin,had stoma on the lower surface only,and had a total surface area of 10 square meters.What is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

Accepted Answer

A) a dry,sandy region 
B) a large,still pond 
C) a tropical rain forest 
D) an oasis within a grassland 
A) a dry,sandy region 
B) a large,still pond 
C) a tropical rain forest 
D) an oasis within a grassland

Question 13

The water and minerals in the xylem vessels transported by

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion. 
B) active transport. 
C) bulk flow. 
D) passive transport. 
A) diffusion. 
B) active transport. 
C) bulk flow. 
D) passive transport.

Question 14

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases.However,the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

Accepted Answer

A) evaporative cooling. 
B) mineral transport. 
C) increased turgor. 
D) evaporative cooling and mineral transport. 
A) evaporative cooling. 
B) mineral transport. 
C) increased turgor. 
D) evaporative cooling and mineral transport.

Question 15

The solute potential (Ψs)of pure water at sea level and at room temperature is

Accepted Answer

A) -1.0. 
B) 0. 
C) 1. 
D) >1. 
A) -1.0. 
B) 0. 
C) 1. 
D) >1.

Question 16

Which of the following processes allowed land plants to structurally adapt shoots to acquire light from sun and carbon dioxide from the air?

Accepted Answer

A) transpiration 
B) respiration 
C) photosynthesis 
D) evaporation 
A) transpiration 
B) respiration 
C) photosynthesis 
D) evaporation

Question 17

Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae,the earliest land plants were most likely

Accepted Answer

A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived. 
B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations. 
C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems. 
D) plants with well-developed leaves. 
A) nonvascular plants that grew leafless photosynthetic shoots above the shallow fresh water in which they lived. 
B) species that did not exhibit alternation of generations. 
C) vascular plants with well-defined root systems. 
D) plants with well-developed leaves.

Question 18

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

Accepted Answer

A) stomata 
B) vascular cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) root hairs 
A) stomata 
B) vascular cambium 
C) lenticels 
D) root hairs

Question 19

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Accepted Answer

A) solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B) water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C) the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D) the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration. 
A) solute moves from a high concentration in the source to a lower concentration in the sink. 
B) water is actively transported into the source region of the phloem to create the turgor pressure needed. 
C) the combination of a high turgor pressure in the source and transpiration water loss from the sink moves solutes through phloem conduits. 
D) the formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration.

Question 20

Which of the following elements is required for the stability of cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A) zinc 
B) chlorine 
C) calcium 
D) molybdenum 
A) zinc 
B) chlorine 
C) calcium 
D) molybdenum

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

What is the role of proton pumps in root hair cells?

Upregulation of leghemoglobin biosynthesis in a leguminous species would most likely indicate

Which of the following is an adaptation by plants to life on land?

________ ions in the soil solution neutralize the negative charge of soil particles,causing the release of the mineral ________ into the soil solution.

Plants can use nitrogen in the form of

What is the main force by which most of the water within xylem vessels moves toward the top of a tree?

The symplast is the continuum of cytosol connected by

As a biologist,it is your job to look for plants that have evolved structures with a selective advantage in dry,hot conditions.Which of the following adaptations would be least likely to meet your objective?

Ten tomato plants are germinated and maintained in a large tray with no drainage.After several weeks they all begin to wilt and die despite repeated watering and fertilization.The most likely cause of this die-off is

Which of the following essential nutrients plays an essential role in the opening and closing of the stomatal aperture?

Some botanists argue that the entire plant should be considered as a single unit rather than a composite of many individual cells.Which of the following cellular structures best supports this view?

A fellow student brought in a leaf to be examined.The leaf was dark green and thin,had stoma on the lower surface only,and had a total surface area of 10 square meters.What is the most likely environment where this leaf was growing?

The water and minerals in the xylem vessels transported by

The water lost during transpiration is a side effect of the plant's exchange of gases.However,the plant derives some benefit from this water loss in the form of

The solute potential (Ψs)of pure water at sea level and at room temperature is

Which of the following processes allowed land plants to structurally adapt shoots to acquire light from sun and carbon dioxide from the air?

Given that early land plants most likely share a common ancestor with green algae,the earliest land plants were most likely

Which of the following plant structures shares the most common features and functions with a fungal hyphae?

According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,

Which of the following elements is required for the stability of cell walls?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters

ions in the soil solution neutralize the negative charge of soil particles,causing the release of the mineral into the soil solution.