Question 1

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil,what should you do?

Accepted Answer

A) Adjust the soil pH to 7.9. 
B) Add clay to the soil. 
C) Practice no-till agriculture. 
D) Add fertilizer containing potassium,calcium,and magnesium to the soil. 
A) Adjust the soil pH to 7.9. 
B) Add clay to the soil. 
C) Practice no-till agriculture. 
D) Add fertilizer containing potassium,calcium,and magnesium to the soil.

Question 2

If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant,what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index?

Accepted Answer

A) bushier plants;lower leaf area index 
B) tall plants;lower leaf area index 
C) short plants;lower leaf area index 
D) bushier plants;higher leaf area indexes 
A) bushier plants;lower leaf area index 
B) tall plants;lower leaf area index 
C) short plants;lower leaf area index 
D) bushier plants;higher leaf area indexes

Question 3

Chlorosis in plant leaves is due to the deficiency of

Accepted Answer

A) carbon and zinc. 
B) magnesium and iron. 
C) manganese and copper. 
D) iron and zinc. 
A) carbon and zinc. 
B) magnesium and iron. 
C) manganese and copper. 
D) iron and zinc.

Question 4

Which of the following has the lowest (most negative)water potential?

Accepted Answer

A) root cortical cells 
B) root xylem 
C) trunk xylem 
D) leaf air spaces 
A) root cortical cells 
B) root xylem 
C) trunk xylem 
D) leaf air spaces

Question 5

An example of a mutualistic association between a plant and a fungus would be

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen fixation. 
B) Rhizobium infection. 
C) mycorrhizae. 
D) parasitic infection. 
A) nitrogen fixation. 
B) Rhizobium infection. 
C) mycorrhizae. 
D) parasitic infection.

Question 6

What is the fate of a flaccid cell in pure water with zero water potential?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell remains the same. 
B) Cell shrinks. 
C) Cell enlarges. 
D) Cell dies. 
A) Cell remains the same. 
B) Cell shrinks. 
C) Cell enlarges. 
D) Cell dies.

Question 7

In a root nodule,the gene coding for nitrogenase is

Accepted Answer

A) inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B) absent in active bacteroids. 
C) found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D) part of the Rhizobium genome. 
A) inactivated by leghemoglobin. 
B) absent in active bacteroids. 
C) found in the cells of the pericycle. 
D) part of the Rhizobium genome.

Question 8

Which of the following would be the most effective strategy to remove toxic heavy metals from a soil?

Accepted Answer

A) heavy irrigation to leach out the heavy metals 
B) application of fertilizers to compete with heavy metal uptake 
C) adding plant species that have the ability to take up and accumulate heavy metals 
D) inoculating soil with mycorrhizae to avoid heavy metal uptake 
A) heavy irrigation to leach out the heavy metals 
B) application of fertilizers to compete with heavy metal uptake 
C) adding plant species that have the ability to take up and accumulate heavy metals 
D) inoculating soil with mycorrhizae to avoid heavy metal uptake

Question 9

A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once.This living cell would be a part of which structure?

Accepted Answer

A) the Casparian strip 
B) a guard cell 
C) the root epidermis 
D) the endodermis 
A) the Casparian strip 
B) a guard cell 
C) the root epidermis 
D) the endodermis

Question 10

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

Accepted Answer

A) subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B) increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C) putting the plant in drier soil 
D) decreasing the relative humidity around the plant 
A) subjecting the leaves of the plant to a partial vacuum 
B) increasing the level of carbon dioxide around the plant 
C) putting the plant in drier soil 
D) decreasing the relative humidity around the plant

Question 11

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

Accepted Answer

A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B) converts ammonia to ammonium. 
C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia. 
A) recycles nitrogen compounds from dead and decaying materials. 
B) converts ammonia to ammonium. 
C) releases nitrate from the rock substrate. 
D) converts nitrogen gas into ammonia.

Question 12

The pattern of leaf arrangement on the shoots of land plants is critical for

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the shade of the lower leaves. 
B) decreasing the surface area of leaves for the exposure of light. 
C) increasing the rate of photosynthesis. 
D) increasing the rate of transpiration. 
A) increasing the shade of the lower leaves. 
B) decreasing the surface area of leaves for the exposure of light. 
C) increasing the rate of photosynthesis. 
D) increasing the rate of transpiration.

Question 13

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ)of

Accepted Answer

A) -0.23 MPa. 
B) +0.23 MPa. 
C) +0.07 MPa. 
D) 0.00 MPa. 
A) -0.23 MPa. 
B) +0.23 MPa. 
C) +0.07 MPa. 
D) 0.00 MPa.

Question 14

The Casparian strip in plant roots is correctly described by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) It aids in the uptake of nutrients. 
B) It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. 
C) It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 
D) It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele. 
A) It aids in the uptake of nutrients. 
B) It provides energy for the active transport of minerals into the stele from the cortex. 
C) It ensures that all minerals are absorbed from the soil in equal amounts. 
D) It ensures that all water and dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before entering the stele.

Question 15

In hydroponic culture,what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

Accepted Answer

A) to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B) to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C) to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D) to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria 
A) to keep dissolved nutrients evenly distributed 
B) to provide oxygen to the root cells 
C) to inhibit the growth of aerobic algae 
D) to inhibit the growth of anaerobic bacteria

Question 16

A fertilizer marked "20-10-5" is

Accepted Answer

A) 20% N (as ammonium nitrate),10% P (as phosphate),and 5% K (as the mineral potash). 
B) 20% P (as phosphate),10% N (as ammonium nitrate)and 5% K (as the mineral potash). 
C) 20% K (as the mineral potash),10% P (as phosphate),and 5% N (as ammonium nitrate). 
D) 20% N (as ammonium nitrate),10% K (as the mineral potash),and 5% P (as phosphate). 
A) 20% N (as ammonium nitrate),10% P (as phosphate),and 5% K (as the mineral potash). 
B) 20% P (as phosphate),10% N (as ammonium nitrate)and 5% K (as the mineral potash). 
C) 20% K (as the mineral potash),10% P (as phosphate),and 5% N (as ammonium nitrate). 
D) 20% N (as ammonium nitrate),10% K (as the mineral potash),and 5% P (as phosphate).

Question 17

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria,what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Accepted Answer

A) It gets chlorosis. 
B) It dies. 
C) It will have a higher concentration of N2 in its roots and shoots. 
D) It will likely grow faster than an uninfected plant. 
A) It gets chlorosis. 
B) It dies. 
C) It will have a higher concentration of N2 in its roots and shoots. 
D) It will likely grow faster than an uninfected plant.

Question 18

Hyphae form a covering over roots.These hyphae create a large surface area that helps to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) aid in absorbing minerals and ions 
B) maintain cell shape 
C) increase cellular respiration 
D) protect the roots from ultraviolet light 
A) aid in absorbing minerals and ions 
B) maintain cell shape 
C) increase cellular respiration 
D) protect the roots from ultraviolet light

Question 19

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C) active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D) decreased turgor pressure in the guard cells. 
A) an increase in the solute concentration of the guard cells. 
B) a decrease in the solute concentration of the stoma. 
C) active transport of water out of the guard cells. 
D) decreased turgor pressure in the guard cells.

Question 20

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) chlorophyll 
B) DNA 
C) RNA 
D) cellulose 
A) chlorophyll 
B) DNA 
C) RNA 
D) cellulose

Exam 29: Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

If you wanted to increase the cation exchange and water retention capacity of loamy soil,what should you do?

If you were to prune the shoot tips of a plant,what would be the effect on the plant and the leaf area index?

Chlorosis in plant leaves is due to the deficiency of

Which of the following has the lowest (most negative)water potential?

An example of a mutualistic association between a plant and a fungus would be

What is the fate of a flaccid cell in pure water with zero water potential?

In a root nodule,the gene coding for nitrogenase is

Which of the following would be the most effective strategy to remove toxic heavy metals from a soil?

A water molecule could move all the way through a plant from soil to root to leaf to air and pass through a living cell only once.This living cell would be a part of which structure?

Which of the following experimental procedures would most likely reduce transpiration while allowing the normal growth of a plant?

Nitrogen fixation is a process that

The pattern of leaf arrangement on the shoots of land plants is critical for

An open beaker of pure water has a water potential (Ψ)of

The Casparian strip in plant roots is correctly described by which of the following?

In hydroponic culture,what is the purpose of bubbling air into the solute?

A fertilizer marked "20-10-5" is

If a plant is infected with nitrogen-fixing bacteria,what is the most probable effect on the plant?

Hyphae form a covering over roots.These hyphae create a large surface area that helps to do which of the following?

The opening of stomata is thought to involve

Synthesis of which of the following compounds in a mature leaf would be least impacted by a temporary soil nitrogen deficiency?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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