Question 1

Penguins,seals,and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming because

Accepted Answer

A) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B) all of their bodies have evolved to allow rapid swimming because of their predator/prey interactions over time. 
C) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
D) this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water. 
A) all share a common ancestor at some point in the past. 
B) all of their bodies have evolved to allow rapid swimming because of their predator/prey interactions over time. 
C) the shape is a convergent evolutionary solution to the need to reduce drag while swimming. 
D) this is the only shape that will allow them to maintain a constant body temperature in water.

Question 2

The nourishment,insulation,and support for neurons are the result of activity by

Accepted Answer

A) adipose tissue. 
B) the endocrine system. 
C) fibroblasts. 
D) glia. 
A) adipose tissue. 
B) the endocrine system. 
C) fibroblasts. 
D) glia.

Question 3

The absorptive epithelial cells lining the inner wall of the alimentary canal (digestive tract)are considered "polarized" because

Accepted Answer

A) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. 
B) the colors seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. 
C) they must initiate action potentials to absorb most nutrients. 
D) the structures on the apical surface are different from those on the basal surface. 
A) they pump wastes into the lumen while pumping nutrients toward the blood. 
B) the colors seen on the top and bottom of the cells are different. 
C) they must initiate action potentials to absorb most nutrients. 
D) the structures on the apical surface are different from those on the basal surface.

Question 4

An example of connective tissue is (are)

Accepted Answer

A) the skin. 
B) nerves. 
C) blood. 
D) skeletal muscles. 
A) the skin. 
B) nerves. 
C) blood. 
D) skeletal muscles.

Question 5

An advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

Accepted Answer

A) urea can be exchanged for Na+. 
B) urea is less toxic than ammonia. 
C) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. 
D) urea does not affect the osmolarity gradient. 
E) less nitrogen is removed from the body. 
A) urea can be exchanged for Na+. 
B) urea is less toxic than ammonia. 
C) urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia. 
D) urea does not affect the osmolarity gradient. 
E) less nitrogen is removed from the body.

Question 6

The necropsy (post-mortem analysis)of a freshwater lake fish that died after accidentally being placed in salty ocean water would likely show that

Accepted Answer

A) loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. 
B) high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells,causing them to swell and lyse. 
C) the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment,creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. 
D) the gills became encrusted with salt,resulting in inadequate gas exchange and eventual asphyxiation. 
E) brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment,leading to death by loss of autonomic function. 
A) loss of water by osmosis from cells in vital organs resulted in cell death and organ failure. 
B) high amounts of salt had diffused into the fish's cells,causing them to swell and lyse. 
C) the kidneys were not able to keep up with the water removal necessary in this hyperosmotic environment,creating an irrevocable loss of homeostasis. 
D) the gills became encrusted with salt,resulting in inadequate gas exchange and eventual asphyxiation. 
E) brain cells lysed as a result of increased osmotic pressure in this hyperosmotic environment,leading to death by loss of autonomic function.

Question 7

In humans,the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

Accepted Answer

A) are the largest epithelial cells in the body. 
B) are not in contact with interstitial fluid. 
C) have plasma membranes of low permeability to water. 
A) are the largest epithelial cells in the body. 
B) are not in contact with interstitial fluid. 
C) have plasma membranes of low permeability to water.

Question 8

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Accepted Answer

A) neurosecretory cell. 
B) endocrine cell. 
C) target cell. 
D) daughter cell. 
A) neurosecretory cell. 
B) endocrine cell. 
C) target cell. 
D) daughter cell.

Question 9

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Accepted Answer

A) filtration 
B) reabsorption 
C) active transport 
D) secretion 
A) filtration 
B) reabsorption 
C) active transport 
D) secretion

Question 10

Some tissues contain microvilli,which are tiny extensions of cell surfaces that increase surface area to allow for more absorption and secretion to occur.What type of tissue has microvilli,and on what "side" of the tissue are microvilli found?

Accepted Answer

A) Microvilli are found on the apical side of epithelial tissues. 
B) Microvilli are found on the basal side of epithelial tissues. 
C) Microvilli are found on the apical side of connective tissues. 
D) Microvilli are found on the basal side of connective tissues. 
A) Microvilli are found on the apical side of epithelial tissues. 
B) Microvilli are found on the basal side of epithelial tissues. 
C) Microvilli are found on the apical side of connective tissues. 
D) Microvilli are found on the basal side of connective tissues.

Question 11

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipate excess heat by

Accepted Answer

A) conduction. 
B) radiation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) evaporation. 
A) conduction. 
B) radiation. 
C) vasoconstriction. 
D) evaporation.

Question 12

What structure directly supplies the renal pelvis with filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A) the loop of Henle 
B) the glomerulus 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) the proximal tubule 
E) the collecting duct 
A) the loop of Henle 
B) the glomerulus 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) the proximal tubule 
E) the collecting duct

Question 13

Compared to the seawater around them,most marine invertebrates are

Accepted Answer

A) hyperosmotic. 
B) hypoosmotic. 
C) isoosmotic. 
A) hyperosmotic. 
B) hypoosmotic. 
C) isoosmotic.

Question 14

ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood,and RAAS regulates the volume of the blood. 
B) ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water,and RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating Na+ and water reabsorption. 
C) ADH and RAAS work antagonistically: ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration,and RAAS causes increased excretion of water when it is in excess in body fluids. 
D) Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone,leading to an increase in both blood volume and pressure via receptors in the urinary bladder. 
A) ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood,and RAAS regulates the volume of the blood. 
B) ADH regulates the osmolarity of the blood by altering renal reabsorption of water,and RAAS maintains the osmolarity of the blood by stimulating Na+ and water reabsorption. 
C) ADH and RAAS work antagonistically: ADH stimulates water reabsorption during dehydration,and RAAS causes increased excretion of water when it is in excess in body fluids. 
D) Both stimulate the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone,leading to an increase in both blood volume and pressure via receptors in the urinary bladder.

Question 15

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include

Accepted Answer

A) lots of fresh water flowing across the gills of a fish. 
B) lots of seawater,such as the environment of a marine bird. 
C) lots of seawater,such as the environment of a marine mammal (e.g. ,a polar bear). 
D) a terrestrial environment,such as one that supports crickets. 
E) a moist system of burrows,such as those of naked mole rats. 
A) lots of fresh water flowing across the gills of a fish. 
B) lots of seawater,such as the environment of a marine bird. 
C) lots of seawater,such as the environment of a marine mammal (e.g. ,a polar bear). 
D) a terrestrial environment,such as one that supports crickets. 
E) a moist system of burrows,such as those of naked mole rats.

Question 16

A researcher is conducting an experiment to identify an unknown hormone.The experiment consists of exposing cells to the hormone and then determining where the hormone is located after a period of time.The researcher collects the data in the table below.What could be the identity of the unknown hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) oxytocin 
B) ADH 
C) testosterone 
D) insulin 
E) glucagon 
A) oxytocin 
B) ADH 
C) testosterone 
D) insulin 
E) glucagon

Question 17

Increased ADH secretion likely occurs after

Accepted Answer

A) drinking lots of pure water. 
B) eating a large bowl of salty popcorn. 
C) drinking alcoholic drinks. 
D) eating a small sugary snack. 
E) blood pressure becomes abnormally high. 
A) drinking lots of pure water. 
B) eating a large bowl of salty popcorn. 
C) drinking alcoholic drinks. 
D) eating a small sugary snack. 
E) blood pressure becomes abnormally high.

Question 18

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Accepted Answer

A) the parathyroid glands,leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B) the thyroid gland,leading to an increase in the epinephrine concentration. 
C) the anterior pituitary gland,leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D) the adrenal medulla,leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E) the pancreas,leading to a reduction in blood sugar concentration. 
A) the parathyroid glands,leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B) the thyroid gland,leading to an increase in the epinephrine concentration. 
C) the anterior pituitary gland,leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D) the adrenal medulla,leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E) the pancreas,leading to a reduction in blood sugar concentration.

Question 19

Water conservation in mammals of arid regions,compared to wetland mammals,is enhanced by arid region mammals having more

Accepted Answer

A) juxtamedullary nephrons. 
B) Bowman's capsules. 
C) cortical nephrons. 
A) juxtamedullary nephrons. 
B) Bowman's capsules. 
C) cortical nephrons.

Question 20

The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by birds is

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia. 
B) urea. 
C) uric acid. 
D) nitrite. 
A) ammonia. 
B) urea. 
C) uric acid. 
D) nitrite.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Penguins,seals,and tuna have body forms that permit rapid swimming because

The nourishment,insulation,and support for neurons are the result of activity by

The absorptive epithelial cells lining the inner wall of the alimentary canal (digestive tract)are considered "polarized" because

An example of connective tissue is (are)

An advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

The necropsy (post-mortem analysis)of a freshwater lake fish that died after accidentally being placed in salty ocean water would likely show that

In humans,the transport epithelial cells in the ascending loop of Henle

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively binds to a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Some tissues contain microvilli,which are tiny extensions of cell surfaces that increase surface area to allow for more absorption and secretion to occur.What type of tissue has microvilli,and on what "side" of the tissue are microvilli found?

The panting responses that are observed in overheated birds and mammals dissipate excess heat by

What structure directly supplies the renal pelvis with filtrate?

Compared to the seawater around them,most marine invertebrates are

ADH and RAAS work together in maintaining osmoregulatory homeostasis through which of the following ways?

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include

Increased ADH secretion likely occurs after

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Water conservation in mammals of arid regions,compared to wetland mammals,is enhanced by arid region mammals having more

The primary nitrogenous waste excreted by birds is

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters