Question 1

In a positive-feedback system where hormone A alters the amount of protein X,

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in A always produces an increase in X,which results in an increase in A. 
B) an increase in X always produces a decrease in A,which results in a decrease in X. 
C) a decrease in A always produces an increase in X,which results in an increase in A. 
D) a decrease in X always causes a decrease in A,which causes an increase in X. 
A) an increase in A always produces an increase in X,which results in an increase in A. 
B) an increase in X always produces a decrease in A,which results in a decrease in X. 
C) a decrease in A always produces an increase in X,which results in an increase in A. 
D) a decrease in X always causes a decrease in A,which causes an increase in X.

Question 2

An example of a homeostatic response is

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in body temperature that results from involuntary shivering. 
B) an increase in body temperature that results from exercise. 
C) the rising sun causing an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D) a fish in the ocean moving toward shallower waters to warm up. 
A) an increase in body temperature that results from involuntary shivering. 
B) an increase in body temperature that results from exercise. 
C) the rising sun causing an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal. 
D) a fish in the ocean moving toward shallower waters to warm up.

Question 3

A necropsy (post-mortem analysis)of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because

Accepted Answer

A) it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. 
B) it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. 
C) its kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. 
D) it had an immediate movement of water out of its cells after being placed in fresh water. 
A) it was stressed and needed more time to acclimate to the new conditions. 
B) it was so hyperosmotic to the fresh water that it could not osmoregulate. 
C) its kidneys could not handle the change in ionic content presented by the fresh water. 
D) it had an immediate movement of water out of its cells after being placed in fresh water.

Question 4

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)functions at the cellular level by

Accepted Answer

A) stimulating the reabsorption of glucose through channel proteins. 
B) triggering the synthesis of an enzyme that makes the phospholipid bilayer more permeable to water. 
C) causing membranes to include more phospholipids that have unsaturated fatty acids. 
D) causing an increase in the number of aquaporin molecules of collecting duct cells. 
E) decreasing the speed at which filtrate flows through the nephron,leading to increased reabsorption of water. 
A) stimulating the reabsorption of glucose through channel proteins. 
B) triggering the synthesis of an enzyme that makes the phospholipid bilayer more permeable to water. 
C) causing membranes to include more phospholipids that have unsaturated fatty acids. 
D) causing an increase in the number of aquaporin molecules of collecting duct cells. 
E) decreasing the speed at which filtrate flows through the nephron,leading to increased reabsorption of water.

Question 5

In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of nephrons with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) a river otter 
B) a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest 
C) a mouse species living in a desert 
D) a beaver 
A) a river otter 
B) a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest 
C) a mouse species living in a desert 
D) a beaver

Question 6

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

Accepted Answer

A) protonephridium-earthworm 
B) Malpighian tubule-frog 
C) kidney-insect 
D) flame bulb-snake 
E) exchange across the body surface-marine invertebrate 
A) protonephridium-earthworm 
B) Malpighian tubule-frog 
C) kidney-insect 
D) flame bulb-snake 
E) exchange across the body surface-marine invertebrate

Question 7

African lungfish,which are often found in small,stagnant pools of fresh water,produce urea as a nitrogenous waste.What is the advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia. 
B) Small,stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia. 
C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate. 
D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool. 
A) Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia. 
B) Small,stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia. 
C) Urea forms an insoluble precipitate. 
D) Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.

Question 8

Suppose you want to know whether a person's body temperature is higher than normal,but you cannot measure his body temperature.Which observation would suggest that this person's body temperature is higher than normal?

Accepted Answer

A) slowing of digestive tract activity 
B) decreased sweat gland activity 
C) skeletal muscles rapidly contracting 
D) increased blood flow to capillaries in the integumentary system 
A) slowing of digestive tract activity 
B) decreased sweat gland activity 
C) skeletal muscles rapidly contracting 
D) increased blood flow to capillaries in the integumentary system

Question 9

When stimulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH),the reabsorption of water is increased along

Accepted Answer

A) the loop of Henle. 
B) the glomerulus. 
C) the collecting duct. 
D) the proximal tubule. 
E) the distal tubule. 
A) the loop of Henle. 
B) the glomerulus. 
C) the collecting duct. 
D) the proximal tubule. 
E) the distal tubule.

Question 10

Homeostasis typically relies on negative feedback because positive feedback

Accepted Answer

A) requires a response but not a stimulus. 
B) drives processes to completion rather than to a balance point. 
C) acts within,but not beyond,a normal range. 
D) can decrease but not increase a variable. 
A) requires a response but not a stimulus. 
B) drives processes to completion rather than to a balance point. 
C) acts within,but not beyond,a normal range. 
D) can decrease but not increase a variable.

Question 11

Different cells in the body are able to uniquely respond to the same hormones because

Accepted Answer

A) different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C) different target cells may use different signal transduction pathways. 
A) different target cells have different sets of genes. 
B) each cell converts that hormone to a different metabolite. 
C) different target cells may use different signal transduction pathways.

Question 12

In a lactating mammal,the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release,respectively,are

Accepted Answer

A) prolactin and calcitonin. 
B) prolactin and oxytocin. 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. 
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. 
E) prolactin and luteinizing hormone. 
A) prolactin and calcitonin. 
B) prolactin and oxytocin. 
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. 
D) luteinizing hormone and oxytocin. 
E) prolactin and luteinizing hormone.

Question 13

During mammalian labor and delivery,the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced partly by the actions of oxytocin.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a negative feedback system. 
B) a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
C) signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
D) the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction. 
A) a negative feedback system. 
B) a hormone that is involved in a positive feedback loop. 
C) signal transduction immediately changing gene expression in its target cells. 
D) the key role of the anterior pituitary gland in regulating uterine contraction.

Question 14

Organisms categorized as osmo-conformers are most likely

Accepted Answer

A) found in freshwater lakes and streams. 
B) marine. 
C) amphibious 
D) found in arid terrestrial environments. 
E) found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture. 
A) found in freshwater lakes and streams. 
B) marine. 
C) amphibious 
D) found in arid terrestrial environments. 
E) found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture.

Question 15

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

Accepted Answer

A) rosy boa (a snake). 
B) penguin. 
C) bald eagle. 
D) coyote. 
A) rosy boa (a snake). 
B) penguin. 
C) bald eagle. 
D) coyote.

Question 16

The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the

Accepted Answer

A) ovary. 
B) adrenal medulla. 
C) adrenal cortex. 
D) testis. 
E) thyroid. 
A) ovary. 
B) adrenal medulla. 
C) adrenal cortex. 
D) testis. 
E) thyroid.

Question 17

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Accepted Answer

A) epithelial tissue. 
B) connective tissue. 
C) muscle. 
D) nervous tissue. 
A) epithelial tissue. 
B) connective tissue. 
C) muscle. 
D) nervous tissue.

Question 18

Suppose homeostasis in a mammal was suddenly affected such that the osmolarity of the medulla of the kidney was equal along the entire length of the loop of Henle.How would this affect the filtrate at the junction of the descending and ascending loops of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A) The filtrate would be more concentrated than normal. 
B) The filtrate would be less concentrated than normal. 
C) The filtrate concentration would not be affected. 
A) The filtrate would be more concentrated than normal. 
B) The filtrate would be less concentrated than normal. 
C) The filtrate concentration would not be affected.

Question 19

A collection of tissues functioning together is an

Accepted Answer

A) organ. 
B) organ system. 
C) organelle. 
D) organism. 
A) organ. 
B) organ system. 
C) organelle. 
D) organism.

Question 20

The hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

A) functions only as an endocrine target. 
B) functions only in neural transmission. 
C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D) secretes hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) controls most neuroendocrine signaling in mammals. 
A) functions only as an endocrine target. 
B) functions only in neural transmission. 
C) does not have any hormone receptors on its cells. 
D) secretes hormones that act directly on the gonads. 
E) controls most neuroendocrine signaling in mammals.

Exam 32: Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

In a positive-feedback system where hormone A alters the amount of protein X,

An example of a homeostatic response is

A necropsy (post-mortem analysis)of a marine sea star that died after it was mistakenly placed in fresh water would likely show that it died because

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)functions at the cellular level by

In which of the following species should natural selection favor the highest proportion of nephrons with loops of Henle that extend deep into the renal medulla?

Choose a pair that correctly associates the mechanism for osmoregulation or nitrogen removal with the appropriate animal.

African lungfish,which are often found in small,stagnant pools of fresh water,produce urea as a nitrogenous waste.What is the advantage of this adaptation?

Suppose you want to know whether a person's body temperature is higher than normal,but you cannot measure his body temperature.Which observation would suggest that this person's body temperature is higher than normal?

When stimulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH),the reabsorption of water is increased along

Homeostasis typically relies on negative feedback because positive feedback

Different cells in the body are able to uniquely respond to the same hormones because

In a lactating mammal,the two hormones that promote milk synthesis and milk release,respectively,are

During mammalian labor and delivery,the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced partly by the actions of oxytocin.This is an example of

Organisms categorized as osmo-conformers are most likely

An example of an organism that has only behavioral controls over its body temperature is the

The endocrine gland that produces epinephrine is the

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is

Suppose homeostasis in a mammal was suddenly affected such that the osmolarity of the medulla of the kidney was equal along the entire length of the loop of Henle.How would this affect the filtrate at the junction of the descending and ascending loops of Henle?

A collection of tissues functioning together is an

The hypothalamus

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters