Question 1

The primary function of humoral immunity is to

Accepted Answer

A) defend against fungi and protozoa. 
B) reject transplanted tissues. 
C) protect the body against cells that become cancerous. 
D) protect the body against extracellular pathogens. 
E) defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells. 
A) defend against fungi and protozoa. 
B) reject transplanted tissues. 
C) protect the body against cells that become cancerous. 
D) protect the body against extracellular pathogens. 
E) defend against bacteria and viruses that have already infected cells.

Question 2

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from

Accepted Answer

A) vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin. 
B) injection of antibodies to the toxin. 
C) injection of histamine. 
D) injection of interferon. 
A) vaccination with a weakened form of the toxin. 
B) injection of antibodies to the toxin. 
C) injection of histamine. 
D) injection of interferon.

Question 3

Clonal selection implies that

Accepted Answer

A) antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes. 
B) only certain cells can produce interferon. 
C) a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors. 
D) the body selects which antigens to which to respond. 
A) antigens increase mitosis in specific lymphocytes. 
B) only certain cells can produce interferon. 
C) a B cell has multiple types of antigen receptors. 
D) the body selects which antigens to which to respond.

Question 4

When antibodies bind antigens,they may clump together.Why does this occur?

Accepted Answer

A) because antibodies have at least two binding regions for antigens 
B) because disulfide bridges form between the antigens 
C) because bonds form between class I and class II MHC molecules 
D) because the antibodies denature 
A) because antibodies have at least two binding regions for antigens 
B) because disulfide bridges form between the antigens 
C) because bonds form between class I and class II MHC molecules 
D) because the antibodies denature

Question 5

Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels as well as an increase in vessel permeability,producing

Accepted Answer

A) redness and heat only. 
B) swelling only. 
C) pain only. 
D) redness,heat,and swelling. 
A) redness and heat only. 
B) swelling only. 
C) pain only. 
D) redness,heat,and swelling.

Question 6

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

Accepted Answer

A) the set of antibodies produced 
B) the set of MHC molecules produced 
C) the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D) the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive 
A) the set of antibodies produced 
B) the set of MHC molecules produced 
C) the set of T cell antigen receptors produced 
D) the set of immune cells eliminated as self-reactive

Question 7

The figure below provides data for measles deaths and vaccinations.What can you conclude from these data?

Accepted Answer

A) The spike in measles deaths in 1990 was due to a lack of vaccinations. 
B) The rate of measles vaccinations increased between 1970 and 2015. 
C) Measles vaccination rates are the lowest in African countries. 
D) Measles deaths decreased between 1950 and 1960 due to the use of the measles vaccine. 
A) The spike in measles deaths in 1990 was due to a lack of vaccinations. 
B) The rate of measles vaccinations increased between 1970 and 2015. 
C) Measles vaccination rates are the lowest in African countries. 
D) Measles deaths decreased between 1950 and 1960 due to the use of the measles vaccine.

Question 8

All cells have protein markers on their membranes,and the Rh antigen is found in the membranes of red blood cells.If a person possesses the Rh antigen on his or her red blood cells,it is indicated with a + sign.If a person does not possess the Rh antigen,it is indicated with a - sign.A,B,and O refer to the ABO blood groups.Data are given in the table for three different pairs of mothers and fetuses.   In which case(s)could the mother exhibit an anti-Rh factor reaction to the developing fetus?

Accepted Answer

A) case 1 only 
B) case 3 only 
C) cases 1 and 2 only 
D) cases 1,2,and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given. 
A) case 1 only 
B) case 3 only 
C) cases 1 and 2 only 
D) cases 1,2,and 3 
E) It cannot be determined from the data given.

Question 9

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) neutrophils. 
B) macrophages. 
C) dendritic cells. 
D) natural killer cells. 
A) neutrophils. 
B) macrophages. 
C) dendritic cells. 
D) natural killer cells.

Question 10

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Accepted Answer

A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies. 
A) injection of vaccine. 
B) ingestion of interferon. 
C) placental transfer of antibodies. 
D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes. 
E) injection of antibodies.

Question 11

Jazmin is a 44-year-old female who can produce antibodies against some bacterial pathogens but not against viral infections.Jazmin probably has a disorder in her

Accepted Answer

A) B cells. 
B) plasma cells. 
C) natural killer cells. 
D) T cells. 
E) macrophages. 
A) B cells. 
B) plasma cells. 
C) natural killer cells. 
D) T cells. 
E) macrophages.

Question 12

The cells and signaling molecules that initiate inflammatory responses are

Accepted Answer

A) the phagocytes and the histamines. 
B) the dendritic cells and the interferons. 
C) the mast cells and the histamines. 
D) the lymphocytes and the interferons. 
A) the phagocytes and the histamines. 
B) the dendritic cells and the interferons. 
C) the mast cells and the histamines. 
D) the lymphocytes and the interferons.

Question 13

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes;rather,this wide range of antibody production is due to

Accepted Answer

A) alternative splicing of exons after transcription. 
B) increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules. 
C) rearrangements of randomly selected V and J coding fragments in DNA. 
D) expression of different cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells. 
E) crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I. 
A) alternative splicing of exons after transcription. 
B) increased rate of mutation in the RNA molecules. 
C) rearrangements of randomly selected V and J coding fragments in DNA. 
D) expression of different cytosolic proteins in the thymus cells. 
E) crossing over between the light and heavy chains of each antibody molecule during meiosis I.

Question 14

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because

Accepted Answer

A) of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases. 
B) flu can generate anaphylactic shock. 
C) surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to non-responsiveness the second year. 
D) mutations of DNA in rapidly evolving generations of flu viruses result in altered surface proteins in infected host cells. 
E) flu leads to autoimmune disorders. 
A) of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases. 
B) flu can generate anaphylactic shock. 
C) surviving the flu one year exhausts the immune system to non-responsiveness the second year. 
D) mutations of DNA in rapidly evolving generations of flu viruses result in altered surface proteins in infected host cells. 
E) flu leads to autoimmune disorders.

Question 15

What is the function of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) to inject toxins into living pathogens 
B) to secrete cytokines that attract macrophages to infection sites 
C) to bind to Toll-like receptors 
D) to mark pathogenic cells for destruction 
A) to inject toxins into living pathogens 
B) to secrete cytokines that attract macrophages to infection sites 
C) to bind to Toll-like receptors 
D) to mark pathogenic cells for destruction

Question 16

According to Figure 35.5,approximately when did a second exposure to antigen occur?   Figure 35.5

Accepted Answer

A) at 0 days 
B) at 7 days 
C) at 14 days 
D) at 28 days 
E) at 49 days 
A) at 0 days 
B) at 7 days 
C) at 14 days 
D) at 28 days 
E) at 49 days

Question 17

T cells of the immune system include

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic and helper cells. 
B) plasma,antigen-presenting,and memory cells. 
C) lymphocytes,macrophages,and dendritic cells. 
A) cytotoxic and helper cells. 
B) plasma,antigen-presenting,and memory cells. 
C) lymphocytes,macrophages,and dendritic cells.

Question 18

Bacterial infection in a previously uninfected house cat would most quickly activate its

Accepted Answer

A) toll-like receptors. 
B) memory cells. 
C) plasma cells. 
D) cytotoxic T cells. 
E) humoral immune responses. 
A) toll-like receptors. 
B) memory cells. 
C) plasma cells. 
D) cytotoxic T cells. 
E) humoral immune responses.

Question 19

Adaptive immunity depends on

Accepted Answer

A) traits common to groups of pathogens. 
B) pathogen-specific recognition. 
C) maternal provision of antibodies to offspring. 
D) plants being exposed to new pathogens. 
E) having exhausted all options for innate immunity responses. 
A) traits common to groups of pathogens. 
B) pathogen-specific recognition. 
C) maternal provision of antibodies to offspring. 
D) plants being exposed to new pathogens. 
E) having exhausted all options for innate immunity responses.

Question 20

Which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes?

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells 
A) cytotoxic T cells 
B) natural killer cells 
C) helper T cells 
D) macrophages 
E) B cells

Exam 35: The Immune System

The primary function of humoral immunity is to

An individual who has been bitten by a poisonous snake that has a fast-acting toxin would likely benefit from

Clonal selection implies that

When antibodies bind antigens,they may clump together.Why does this occur?

Histamines trigger dilation of nearby blood vessels as well as an increase in vessel permeability,producing

Which of the following should be the same in identical twins?

The figure below provides data for measles deaths and vaccinations.What can you conclude from these data?

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity include all of the following except

Naturally acquired passive immunity results from the

Jazmin is a 44-year-old female who can produce antibodies against some bacterial pathogens but not against viral infections.Jazmin probably has a disorder in her

The cells and signaling molecules that initiate inflammatory responses are

The ability of one person to produce over a million different antibody molecules does not require over a million different genes;rather,this wide range of antibody production is due to

Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because

What is the function of an antibody?

According to Figure 35.5,approximately when did a second exposure to antigen occur? Figure 35.5

T cells of the immune system include

Bacterial infection in a previously uninfected house cat would most quickly activate its

Adaptive immunity depends on

Which of the following cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity and also respond to class I MHC molecule-antigen complexes?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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