Question 1

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus.
1)adaptation
2)perception
3)transduction
4)transmission

Accepted Answer

A) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
B) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C) 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
E) 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 
A) 3 → 2 → 1 → 4 
B) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C) 2 → 1 → 3 → 4 
D) 3 → 4 → 2 → 1 
E) 2 → 1 → 4 → 3

Question 2

The bottlenose dolphin breathes air but can sleep in the ocean because it

Accepted Answer

A) ceases breathing while sleeping and remains underwater. 
B) sleeps for only 30 minutes at a time,the maximum interval for which it can cease breathing. 
C) fills its swim bladder with air to keep its blowhole above the surface of the water while it sleeps. 
D) moves to shallow water to sleep,so it does not need to swim to keep its blowhole above the surface of the water. 
E) alternates which half of its brain is asleep and which half is awake. 
A) ceases breathing while sleeping and remains underwater. 
B) sleeps for only 30 minutes at a time,the maximum interval for which it can cease breathing. 
C) fills its swim bladder with air to keep its blowhole above the surface of the water while it sleeps. 
D) moves to shallow water to sleep,so it does not need to swim to keep its blowhole above the surface of the water. 
E) alternates which half of its brain is asleep and which half is awake.

Question 3

Statocysts contain cells that are

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors used to detect orientation relative to gravity. 
B) chemoreceptors used in selecting migration routes. 
C) photoreceptors used in setting biological rhythms. 
D) thermoreceptors used in prey detection. 
E) chemoreceptors used in acid-base balance. 
A) mechanoreceptors used to detect orientation relative to gravity. 
B) chemoreceptors used in selecting migration routes. 
C) photoreceptors used in setting biological rhythms. 
D) thermoreceptors used in prey detection. 
E) chemoreceptors used in acid-base balance.

Question 4

The cerebrospinal fluid is

Accepted Answer

A) a filtrate of the blood. 
B) a secretion of glial cells. 
C) a secretion of interneurons. 
D) cytosol secreted from ependymal cells. 
E) a secretion of the hypothalamus. 
A) a filtrate of the blood. 
B) a secretion of glial cells. 
C) a secretion of interneurons. 
D) cytosol secreted from ependymal cells. 
E) a secretion of the hypothalamus.

Question 5

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

Accepted Answer

A) hair cells of the organ of Corti,which rests on the basilar membrane,coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B) hair cells of the organ of Corti,which rests on the tympanic membrane,coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C) hair cells of the organ of Corti,which rests on the tectorial membrane,coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
A) hair cells of the organ of Corti,which rests on the basilar membrane,coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
B) hair cells of the organ of Corti,which rests on the tympanic membrane,coming in contact with the tectorial membrane. 
C) hair cells of the organ of Corti,which rests on the tectorial membrane,coming in contact with the basilar membrane. 
D) hair cells of the organ of Corti coming in contact with the tectorial membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window. 
E) hair cells on the tympanic membrane as a result of fluid waves in the cochlea causing vibrations in the round window.

Question 6

The olfactory bulbs are located

Accepted Answer

A) close to the back of the brain. 
B) close to the thalamus. 
C) close to the medulla oblongata. 
D) close to the front of the brain. 
A) close to the back of the brain. 
B) close to the thalamus. 
C) close to the medulla oblongata. 
D) close to the front of the brain.

Question 7

A researcher is interested in determining whether mice can remember the location of a piece of cheese in a maze.Which of the following would be the best experiment to perform to test the hypothesis that the limbic system is involved?

Accepted Answer

A) Place a healthy mouse and a mouse with a disrupted hippocampus in a maze,and allow them to find the cheese in the center of the maze.Repeat the next day,and measure the time it takes for the mice to find the cheese. 
B) Place a healthy mouse and a mouse with a disrupted cerebellum in a maze,and allow them to find the cheese in the center of the maze.Measure how long it took each mouse to find the cheese. 
C) Perform an fMRI on a healthy mouse after allowing it to find the cheese in the center of the maze. 
D) Place a mouse with a disrupted amygdala in the maze,and allow it to find the cheese at the center of the maze.Repeat the next day,but this time put a bowl of water in the center of the maze,and measure how long it takes the mouse to find the water. 
A) Place a healthy mouse and a mouse with a disrupted hippocampus in a maze,and allow them to find the cheese in the center of the maze.Repeat the next day,and measure the time it takes for the mice to find the cheese. 
B) Place a healthy mouse and a mouse with a disrupted cerebellum in a maze,and allow them to find the cheese in the center of the maze.Measure how long it took each mouse to find the cheese. 
C) Perform an fMRI on a healthy mouse after allowing it to find the cheese in the center of the maze. 
D) Place a mouse with a disrupted amygdala in the maze,and allow it to find the cheese at the center of the maze.Repeat the next day,but this time put a bowl of water in the center of the maze,and measure how long it takes the mouse to find the water.

Question 8

Figure 38.2
-The structure diagrammed in Figure 38.2 is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) rod. 
B) statocyst. 
C) taste bud. 
D) cone. 
E) olfactory bulb. 
A) rod. 
B) statocyst. 
C) taste bud. 
D) cone. 
E) olfactory bulb.

Question 9

A lobster without a statocyst would not be able to

Accepted Answer

A) eat and digest prey. 
B) sense lightness and darkness. 
C) sense vibrations in the water. 
D) know which way is up and which is down. 
A) eat and digest prey. 
B) sense lightness and darkness. 
C) sense vibrations in the water. 
D) know which way is up and which is down.

Question 10

After earning an A in your biology course,your instructor gives you a firm handshake.You can feel the deep pressure of the handshake,and it is so strong it even starts to hurt a little.What type(s)of receptor was (were)activated by the handshake?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanoreceptors only 
B) thermoreceptors only 
C) nociceptors only 
D) thermoreceptors and nociceptors 
E) mechanoreceptors and nociceptors 
A) mechanoreceptors only 
B) thermoreceptors only 
C) nociceptors only 
D) thermoreceptors and nociceptors 
E) mechanoreceptors and nociceptors

Question 11

Figure 38.1
-A man suffered a brain injury such that his body temperature was poorly regulated to the extent that he would sweat even in the frigid cold.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 may be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 13

Sensory transduction of light/dark information in the vertebrate retina is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A) ganglion cells. 
B) amacrine cells. 
C) bipolar cells. 
D) horizontal cells. 
E) rods and cones. 
A) ganglion cells. 
B) amacrine cells. 
C) bipolar cells. 
D) horizontal cells. 
E) rods and cones.

Question 14

Which description of a glial cell and its function is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes-metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B) oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C) microglia-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D) radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens 
E) Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to nonmyelinated neurons 
A) astrocytes-metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B) oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C) microglia-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D) radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens 
E) Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to nonmyelinated neurons

Question 15

Raccoons are most active from dusk until dawn.What kinds of cells would you expect to find in the retina of a raccoon?

Accepted Answer

A) a high density of cones at the fovea 
B) an equal mixture of cones and rods 
C) three or more types of cones in large quantities 
D) many more rods than cones 
A) a high density of cones at the fovea 
B) an equal mixture of cones and rods 
C) three or more types of cones in large quantities 
D) many more rods than cones

Question 16

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when

Accepted Answer

A) the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits. 
B) moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula. 
C) the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane. 
D) the utricle is horizontal but the saccule is vertical. 
A) the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits. 
B) moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula. 
C) the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane. 
D) the utricle is horizontal but the saccule is vertical.

Question 17

A football player suffered a hard hit to the back of his head,and he "saw stars." What region of his brain was affected?

Accepted Answer

A) occipital lobe 
B) frontal lobe 
C) temporal lobe 
D) parietal lobe 
A) occipital lobe 
B) frontal lobe 
C) temporal lobe 
D) parietal lobe

Question 18

Figure 38.3
-The sense of head motion begins with sensory transduction by the structure(s)in Figure 38.3 at which number(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) 2,3,and 4 only 
B) 2,5,and 7 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 5 only 
E) 7 and 8 only 
A) 2,3,and 4 only 
B) 2,5,and 7 only 
C) 4 only 
D) 5 only 
E) 7 and 8 only

Question 19

Sheila is a 29-year-old female who suffered a brain injury in a car accident.After the accident she had trouble with calculation,contemplation,and cognition.What part of the brain did Sheila likely injure?

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary gland 
B) hypothalamus 
C) cerebrum 
D) cerebellum 
E) spinal cord 
A) pituitary gland 
B) hypothalamus 
C) cerebrum 
D) cerebellum 
E) spinal cord

Question 20

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

Accepted Answer

A) integration. 
B) transmission. 
C) transduction. 
D) amplification. 
A) integration. 
B) transmission. 
C) transduction. 
D) amplification.

Exam 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus. 1)adaptation 2)perception 3)transduction 4)transmission

The bottlenose dolphin breathes air but can sleep in the ocean because it

Statocysts contain cells that are

The cerebrospinal fluid is

The pathway leading to the perception of sound by mammals begins with the

The olfactory bulbs are located

A researcher is interested in determining whether mice can remember the location of a piece of cheese in a maze.Which of the following would be the best experiment to perform to test the hypothesis that the limbic system is involved?

Figure 38.2 -The structure diagrammed in Figure 38.2 is a(n)

A lobster without a statocyst would not be able to

After earning an A in your biology course,your instructor gives you a firm handshake.You can feel the deep pressure of the handshake,and it is so strong it even starts to hurt a little.What type(s)of receptor was (were)activated by the handshake?

Figure 38.1 -A man suffered a brain injury such that his body temperature was poorly regulated to the extent that he would sweat even in the frigid cold.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 may be affected?

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Sensory transduction of light/dark information in the vertebrate retina is accomplished by

Which description of a glial cell and its function is correct?

Raccoons are most active from dusk until dawn.What kinds of cells would you expect to find in the retina of a raccoon?

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when

A football player suffered a hard hit to the back of his head,and he "saw stars." What region of his brain was affected?

Figure 38.3 -The sense of head motion begins with sensory transduction by the structure(s)in Figure 38.3 at which number(s)?

Sheila is a 29-year-old female who suffered a brain injury in a car accident.After the accident she had trouble with calculation,contemplation,and cognition.What part of the brain did Sheila likely injure?

Stimuli alter the activity of excitable sensory cells via

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

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Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

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