Question 1

Figure 38.3
-Hair cells are found in the structures represented by which two numbers in Figure 38.3?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 5 and 7 
D) 6 and 8 
E) 9 and 10 
A) 1 and 2 
B) 3 and 4 
C) 5 and 7 
D) 6 and 8 
E) 9 and 10

Question 2

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy because the signal strength is magnified by

Accepted Answer

A) the receptor. 
B) an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 
C) sensory adaptation. 
D) triggering several receptors at once. 
A) the receptor. 
B) an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. 
C) sensory adaptation. 
D) triggering several receptors at once.

Question 3

What vertebrate brain structure coordinates the biological clock?

Accepted Answer

A) pituitary gland 
B) hypothalamus 
C) cerebrum 
D) cerebellum 
E) thalamus 
A) pituitary gland 
B) hypothalamus 
C) cerebrum 
D) cerebellum 
E) thalamus

Question 4

The middle ear converts

Accepted Answer

A) air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves. 
B) air pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
C) fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
D) pressure waves to hair cell movements. 
A) air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves. 
B) air pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
C) fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses. 
D) pressure waves to hair cell movements.

Question 5

A ligand for the umami receptor in the sense of taste is

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) sodium ions. 
C) potassium ions. 
D) hydrogen ions. 
E) monosodium glutamate. 
A) glucose. 
B) sodium ions. 
C) potassium ions. 
D) hydrogen ions. 
E) monosodium glutamate.

Question 6

Optic neuritis is a condition where the optic nerve is inflamed,leading to loss of the myelin sheath surrounding the optic nerve.What is the likely outcome of optic neuritis?

Accepted Answer

A) The eye will be unable to focus on distant objects. 
B) Action potentials will travel slower through the optic nerve,and vision will be impaired. 
C) The right side of the visual field will be transposed with the left. 
D) Rods and cones will be more sensitive to light. 
A) The eye will be unable to focus on distant objects. 
B) Action potentials will travel slower through the optic nerve,and vision will be impaired. 
C) The right side of the visual field will be transposed with the left. 
D) Rods and cones will be more sensitive to light.

Question 7

Figure 38.1
-A woman suffered a brain injury such that she is having trouble with short-term memory formation and recollection.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 may be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 8

Eating habanero peppers (which are very spicy!)would activate what type of channel?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium channels sensitive to cold temperature 
B) calcium channels sensitive to hot temperature 
C) sodium channels sensitive to cold temperature 
D) sodium channels sensitive to hot temperature 
A) calcium channels sensitive to cold temperature 
B) calcium channels sensitive to hot temperature 
C) sodium channels sensitive to cold temperature 
D) sodium channels sensitive to hot temperature

Question 9

In the human retina,

Accepted Answer

A) cone cells can detect color,but rod cells cannot. 
B) cone cells are more sensitive than rod cells to light. 
C) cone cells,but not rod cells,have a visual pigment. 
D) rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. 
E) rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells. 
A) cone cells can detect color,but rod cells cannot. 
B) cone cells are more sensitive than rod cells to light. 
C) cone cells,but not rod cells,have a visual pigment. 
D) rod cells are most highly concentrated in the center of the retina. 
E) rod cells require higher illumination for stimulation than do cone cells.

Question 10

The correct sequence of sensory processing is

Accepted Answer

A) sensory adaptation → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception. 
B) stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception → sensory adaptation. 
C) sensory perception → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory adaptation. 
D) sensory perception → sensory transduction → stimulus reception → sensory adaptation. 
E) stimulus reception → sensory perception → sensory adaptation → sensory transduction. 
A) sensory adaptation → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception. 
B) stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory perception → sensory adaptation. 
C) sensory perception → stimulus reception → sensory transduction → sensory adaptation. 
D) sensory perception → sensory transduction → stimulus reception → sensory adaptation. 
E) stimulus reception → sensory perception → sensory adaptation → sensory transduction.

Question 11

A sensation of hunger triggers the mouse to leave its den to hunt the scorpions.Where would you expect to see a high level of activity in the mouse's brain when it feels hungry?

Accepted Answer

A) on the outer edges 
B) near the middle 
C) at the bottom 
D) only on the left side 
A) on the outer edges 
B) near the middle 
C) at the bottom 
D) only on the left side

Question 12

Josue is a 55-year-old male who is experiencing difficulties with speaking,even though he can understand language (as evidenced by his ability to write thoughtful responses after someone asks him a question).What part of his brain is likely affected?

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's area 
B) Wernicke's area 
C) amygdala 
D) hippocampus 
E) somatosensory cortex 
A) Broca's area 
B) Wernicke's area 
C) amygdala 
D) hippocampus 
E) somatosensory cortex

Question 13

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

Accepted Answer

A) tectorial membrane. 
B) tympanic membrane. 
C) hair cell membrane. 
D) basilar membrane. 
A) tectorial membrane. 
B) tympanic membrane. 
C) hair cell membrane. 
D) basilar membrane.

Question 14

A researcher is interested in determining whether mice can remember the location of a piece of cheese in a maze.Which of the following results best supports the hypothesis that mice can remember the location of the cheese?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus 
B) an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
C) a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
D) a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus 
A) an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus 
B) an increase in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
C) a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hypothalamus 
D) a decrease in the number of synapses between neurons in the hippocampus

Question 15

Umami perception would be stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A) sugar water. 
B) chocolate milk. 
C) a savory and rich cheese. 
D) acidic orange juice. 
E) salt water. 
A) sugar water. 
B) chocolate milk. 
C) a savory and rich cheese. 
D) acidic orange juice. 
E) salt water.

Question 16

If the following events are arranged in the order in which they occur for an animal hiding and holding still in response to seeing a predator,which is the fourth event in the series?

Accepted Answer

A) signaling by an afferent PNS neuron 
B) signaling by an efferent PNS neuron 
C) information processing in the CNS 
D) activation of a sensory receptor 
A) signaling by an afferent PNS neuron 
B) signaling by an efferent PNS neuron 
C) information processing in the CNS 
D) activation of a sensory receptor

Question 17

Figure 38.1
-One day,a man woke up and was unable to smell anything around him.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 may be affected?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

The blood-brain barrier

Accepted Answer

A) filters the entry of solutes from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) is formed by oligodendrocytes. 
C) tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS. 
D) uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord. 
E) provides support to the brain tissue. 
A) filters the entry of solutes from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid. 
B) is formed by oligodendrocytes. 
C) tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS. 
D) uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord. 
E) provides support to the brain tissue.

Question 19

Choose the correct match of brain structure with one of its primary functions.

Accepted Answer

A) frontal lobe-decision making 
B) occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C) temporal lobe-visual processing 
D) cerebellum-language comprehension 
E) occipital lobe-speech production 
A) frontal lobe-decision making 
B) occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C) temporal lobe-visual processing 
D) cerebellum-language comprehension 
E) occipital lobe-speech production

Question 20

The cellular membrane across which ion flow varies during auditory transduction is the

Accepted Answer

A) tectorial membrane. 
B) tympanic membrane. 
C) hair cell membrane. 
D) basilar membrane. 
A) tectorial membrane. 
B) tympanic membrane. 
C) hair cell membrane. 
D) basilar membrane.

Exam 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Figure 38.3 -Hair cells are found in the structures represented by which two numbers in Figure 38.3?

A given photon of light may trigger an action potential with thousands of times more energy because the signal strength is magnified by

What vertebrate brain structure coordinates the biological clock?

The middle ear converts

A ligand for the umami receptor in the sense of taste is

Optic neuritis is a condition where the optic nerve is inflamed,leading to loss of the myelin sheath surrounding the optic nerve.What is the likely outcome of optic neuritis?

Figure 38.1 -A woman suffered a brain injury such that she is having trouble with short-term memory formation and recollection.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 may be affected?

Eating habanero peppers (which are very spicy!)would activate what type of channel?

In the human retina,

The correct sequence of sensory processing is

A sensation of hunger triggers the mouse to leave its den to hunt the scorpions.Where would you expect to see a high level of activity in the mouse's brain when it feels hungry?

Josue is a 55-year-old male who is experiencing difficulties with speaking,even though he can understand language (as evidenced by his ability to write thoughtful responses after someone asks him a question).What part of his brain is likely affected?

Sound waves arriving at a listener first strike the

A researcher is interested in determining whether mice can remember the location of a piece of cheese in a maze.Which of the following results best supports the hypothesis that mice can remember the location of the cheese?

Umami perception would be stimulated by

If the following events are arranged in the order in which they occur for an animal hiding and holding still in response to seeing a predator,which is the fourth event in the series?

Figure 38.1 -One day,a man woke up and was unable to smell anything around him.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 may be affected?

The blood-brain barrier

Choose the correct match of brain structure with one of its primary functions.

The cellular membrane across which ion flow varies during auditory transduction is the

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

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The Origin of Species

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Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

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The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

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Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

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