Question 1

The generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons initiated by odors drawn into the nasal cavity is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) perception. 
B) sensory transduction. 
C) sensory adaptation. 
D) amplification. 
A) perception. 
B) sensory transduction. 
C) sensory adaptation. 
D) amplification.

Question 2

The regulatory centers for the respiratory and circulatory systems are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 3

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

Accepted Answer

A) cochlea. 
B) statoliths. 
C) otoliths. 
D) pinnae. 
A) cochlea. 
B) statoliths. 
C) otoliths. 
D) pinnae.

Question 4

Figure 38.3
-The structure involved in equalizing the pressure between the ear and the atmosphere is represented in Figure 38.3 by number

Accepted Answer

A) 7) 
B) 1) 
C) 8) 
D) 9) 
E) 10. 
A) 7) 
B) 1) 
C) 8) 
D) 9) 
E) 10.

Question 5

Immediately after putting on a shirt,your skin might feel itchy.However,this perception soon fades due to

Accepted Answer

A) sensory adaptation. 
B) accommodation. 
C) the increase of transduction. 
D) reduced motor unit recruitment. 
E) reduced receptor amplification. 
A) sensory adaptation. 
B) accommodation. 
C) the increase of transduction. 
D) reduced motor unit recruitment. 
E) reduced receptor amplification.

Question 6

Figure 38.1
-A woman suffered damage to her brain such that sensory information cannot travel from the brainstem to the cerebrum.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 is affected?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 7

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic,or opposing,actions are the

Accepted Answer

A) motor and sensory systems. 
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C) motor and sympathetic systems. 
D) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. 
A) motor and sensory systems. 
B) sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C) motor and sympathetic systems. 
D) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Question 8

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Accepted Answer

A) hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated,showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B) salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants,suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C) visual sense was reduced or eliminated,suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D) olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated,suggesting that mice learn odor cues about bitter tastes. 
E) sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants,suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated. 
A) hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated,showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B) salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants,suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C) visual sense was reduced or eliminated,suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D) olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated,suggesting that mice learn odor cues about bitter tastes. 
E) sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants,suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated.

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain. 
B) a product of the filtration of blood in the brain. 
C) formed from layers of connective tissue. 
D) functioning to cushion the brain. 
E) filling cavities in the brain called ventricles. 
A) functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain. 
B) a product of the filtration of blood in the brain. 
C) formed from layers of connective tissue. 
D) functioning to cushion the brain. 
E) filling cavities in the brain called ventricles.

Question 10

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)is a psychedelic drug that stimulates the reward pathway.Which of the following is a possible mechanism of how it affects neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) LSD molecules act as an agonist and bind to dopamine receptors. 
B) LSD molecules block the release of dopamine from axon terminals. 
C) LSD molecules catalyze the breakdown of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. 
D) LSD molecules promote the reuptake of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron. 
A) LSD molecules act as an agonist and bind to dopamine receptors. 
B) LSD molecules block the release of dopamine from axon terminals. 
C) LSD molecules catalyze the breakdown of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. 
D) LSD molecules promote the reuptake of dopamine into the presynaptic neuron.

Question 11

The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in

Accepted Answer

A) short-term memory. 
B) long-term memory. 
C) circadian rhythm. 
D) breath holding. 
A) short-term memory. 
B) long-term memory. 
C) circadian rhythm. 
D) breath holding.

Question 12

The regulation of body temperature derives from the activity of the

Accepted Answer

A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata. 
A) cerebrum. 
B) cerebellum. 
C) thalamus. 
D) hypothalamus. 
E) medulla oblongata.

Question 13

Forming new long-term memories is strikingly disrupted after damage to the

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) hippocampus. 
D) somatosensory cortex. 
E) primary motor cortex. 
A) thalamus. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) hippocampus. 
D) somatosensory cortex. 
E) primary motor cortex.

Question 14

Proteins coded by a very large family of related genes are active in the sensory transduction of

Accepted Answer

A) gustatory stimuli. 
B) olfactory stimuli. 
C) visual stimuli. 
D) auditory stimuli. 
A) gustatory stimuli. 
B) olfactory stimuli. 
C) visual stimuli. 
D) auditory stimuli.

Question 15

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the

Accepted Answer

A) thalamus. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) epithalamus. 
D) amygdala. 
E) Broca's area. 
A) thalamus. 
B) hypothalamus. 
C) epithalamus. 
D) amygdala. 
E) Broca's area.

Question 16

Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in which axon transfers the information to the brain?

Accepted Answer

A) white and red 
B) red and green 
C) loud and faint 
D) salty and sweet 
A) white and red 
B) red and green 
C) loud and faint 
D) salty and sweet

Question 17

Short-term memory information processing usually causes changes in the

Accepted Answer

A) brainstem. 
B) medulla. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) hippocampus. 
A) brainstem. 
B) medulla. 
C) hypothalamus. 
D) hippocampus.

Question 18

It can be very difficult to select an angle for sneaking up to a grasshopper to catch it because grasshoppers have

Accepted Answer

A) excellent hearing for detecting predators. 
B) compound eyes with multiple ommatidia. 
C) eyes with multiple fovea. 
D) a camera-like eye with a single fovea. 
A) excellent hearing for detecting predators. 
B) compound eyes with multiple ommatidia. 
C) eyes with multiple fovea. 
D) a camera-like eye with a single fovea.

Question 19

Figure 38.3
-Excessive sound levels can damage the mechanoreceptors in the ear,leading to hearing loss.What numbered structure in Figure 38.3 would be affected in this case?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 6 
E) 7

Question 20

Wernicke's area

Accepted Answer

A) is active when speech is heard and comprehended. 
B) is active during the generation of speech. 
C) coordinates the response to olfactory sensation. 
D) is active when you are reading silently. 
E) is found on the right side of the brain. 
A) is active when speech is heard and comprehended. 
B) is active during the generation of speech. 
C) coordinates the response to olfactory sensation. 
D) is active when you are reading silently. 
E) is found on the right side of the brain.

Exam 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems

The generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons initiated by odors drawn into the nasal cavity is an example of

The regulatory centers for the respiratory and circulatory systems are found in the

The sand grains or other dense materials resting on mechanoreceptors used by most invertebrates to sense gravity are called

Figure 38.3 -The structure involved in equalizing the pressure between the ear and the atmosphere is represented in Figure 38.3 by number

Immediately after putting on a shirt,your skin might feel itchy.However,this perception soon fades due to

Figure 38.1 -A woman suffered damage to her brain such that sensory information cannot travel from the brainstem to the cerebrum.Which structure labeled in Figure 38.1 is affected?

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic,or opposing,actions are the

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)is a psychedelic drug that stimulates the reward pathway.Which of the following is a possible mechanism of how it affects neurons?

The cerebral cortex does not play a major role in

The regulation of body temperature derives from the activity of the

Forming new long-term memories is strikingly disrupted after damage to the

Proteins coded by a very large family of related genes are active in the sensory transduction of

The suprachiasmatic nuclei are found in the

Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in which axon transfers the information to the brain?

Short-term memory information processing usually causes changes in the

It can be very difficult to select an angle for sneaking up to a grasshopper to catch it because grasshoppers have

Figure 38.3 -Excessive sound levels can damage the mechanoreceptors in the ear,leading to hearing loss.What numbered structure in Figure 38.3 would be affected in this case?

Wernicke's area

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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