Exam 10: Crustal Deformation

What is a fault?

How many hinge lines does a monocline have?

Explain how stress is different from strain.

What kind of fault is present in this image?

A ________ is a circular fold where the youngest layers are in the middle and the oldest layers are on the outside.

The Appalachian Mountains were formed when the North American continent collided with Africa to form the supercontinent Pangaea over 250 million years ago.What kind of tectonic boundary existed here? What sort of structural features would you expect to find in this region?

Over the course of the last couple of centuries, major businesses all over the world have spent a great deal of time and money searching for and studying structural geologic features in order to find deposits of petroleum.How would these structures trap the substances these companies are interested in?

Rocks subjected to heat will be more likely to go through brittle deformation when stressed.

Dip will always be 90° away from strike.

Faults that exhibit both dip-slip and strike-slip movement are called ________ faults.

What feature, evidence of dip-slip activity, is shown in this image?

What kind of stress is deforming this block?

Explain the role that confining pressure has on rock strength and how the rock deforms under pressure.

Although the Valley and Ridge province of the Appalachians is characterized by intensely folded rock, it is not the structures themselves that are resulting in the ridges and valleys.What rocks make up the Valley and Ridge province, which ones make each landform (ridges or valleys), and why?

Some of the most destructive earthquakes, such as the Haitian earthquake of 2010, occur along ________ faults.

You are a seismologist and are driving out to a location where a fault has recently shifted.When you arrive at the location, you see that the road you are driving on was constructed across the fault line.Because of slippage along the fault, the road ahead has been shifted to the left by 20 feet.What kind of fault is present?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between the topography of a region and the underlying structural geology?

Which of the following is an example of brittle deformation?

Fault-block mountains are created due to ________ faults.

Which tectonic boundary would have many normal faults associated with it?