Question 1

What kind of volcanic chain is present in this image?

Accepted Answer

A) Hot spot volcanoes 
B) Volcanic island arc 
C) Continental volcanic arc 
D) Rift volcanoes 
A) Hot spot volcanoes 
B) Volcanic island arc 
C) Continental volcanic arc 
D) Rift volcanoes

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the effect of convective flow on the elevation of Earth's major landforms?

Accepted Answer

A) Convective flow adds more material to the base of the lithosphere, making it downwarp. 
B) Rotation of convecting mantle material smoothes out wrinkles in the surface. 
C) Hot rising material upwarps the landscape whereas downward flow causes downwarping. 
D) Subduction of oceanic plates disrupting the convective flow on the mantle, resulting in hot spots burning through the crust. 
A) Convective flow adds more material to the base of the lithosphere, making it downwarp. 
B) Rotation of convecting mantle material smoothes out wrinkles in the surface. 
C) Hot rising material upwarps the landscape whereas downward flow causes downwarping. 
D) Subduction of oceanic plates disrupting the convective flow on the mantle, resulting in hot spots burning through the crust.

Question 3

The Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of Washington and Oregon famously lacks a well-defined deep-ocean trench.Why might this be the case?

Accepted Answer

A) Compression from the convergent boundary has squeezed any potential trench closed. 
B) There is a massive amount of sediment fill from the Columbia River basin. 
C) The descending plate is warm and buoyant, so it subducts shallowly. 
D) There is a shallow angle of plate subduction, as well as large quantities of sediment infill. 
A) Compression from the convergent boundary has squeezed any potential trench closed. 
B) There is a massive amount of sediment fill from the Columbia River basin. 
C) The descending plate is warm and buoyant, so it subducts shallowly. 
D) There is a shallow angle of plate subduction, as well as large quantities of sediment infill.

Question 4

Put the four regions of a subduction zone in order from the convergent boundary landward toward the continental interior.

Accepted Answer

A) Volcanic arc, deep-ocean trench, forearc region, back-arc region 
B) Back-arc region, volcanic arc, forearc, deep-ocean trench 
C) Deep-ocean trench, forearc region, volcanic arc, back-arc region 
D) Forearc, back-arc, deep-ocean trench, volcanic arc 
A) Volcanic arc, deep-ocean trench, forearc region, back-arc region 
B) Back-arc region, volcanic arc, forearc, deep-ocean trench 
C) Deep-ocean trench, forearc region, volcanic arc, back-arc region 
D) Forearc, back-arc, deep-ocean trench, volcanic arc

Question 5

What kind of mountains are visible in this image?

Accepted Answer

A) Fault-block mountains 
B) Volcanic arc 
C) Collisional mountains 
D) Accreted terranes 
A) Fault-block mountains 
B) Volcanic arc 
C) Collisional mountains 
D) Accreted terranes

Question 6

Which mountain range consists of the youngest collisional mountains on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A) Himalayas 
B) Andes 
C) Grand Tetons 
D) Appalachians 
A) Himalayas 
B) Andes 
C) Grand Tetons 
D) Appalachians

Question 7

Most mountain ranges are the result of ________ stress.

Accepted Answer

A) Compressional 
B) Tensional 
C) Shear 
A) Compressional 
B) Tensional 
C) Shear

Question 8

Which factor(s)will most influence the depth of deep-ocean trenches?

Accepted Answer

A) Compressive force 
B) Rate of convection 
C) Density and composition of the mantle beneath 
D) Temperature and density of the plate 
A) Compressive force 
B) Rate of convection 
C) Density and composition of the mantle beneath 
D) Temperature and density of the plate

Question 9

Explain the difference between "terrain" and "terrane."

Accepted Answer

Terrane refers to ac

Question 10

The ________ Orogeny is one of three events that formed the modern Appalachian Mountains.

Accepted Answer

A) Taconic 
B) Laramide 
C) Tibetan 
D) Cordilleran 
A) Taconic 
B) Laramide 
C) Tibetan 
D) Cordilleran

Question 11

What is the definition of orogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Subduction of an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate 
B) Ionic exchange between calcium and oxygen 
C) Emplacement of metallic ores via hydrothermal metamorphism 
D) Processes that collectively form a mountain belt 
A) Subduction of an oceanic plate beneath a continental plate 
B) Ionic exchange between calcium and oxygen 
C) Emplacement of metallic ores via hydrothermal metamorphism 
D) Processes that collectively form a mountain belt

Question 12

A ________ is a crustal fragment that has been transported by plate tectonics and has adhered to an overriding plate.

Accepted Answer

A) Terrain 
B) Guyot 
C) Xenolith 
D) Terrane 
A) Terrain 
B) Guyot 
C) Xenolith 
D) Terrane

Question 13

Explain the most widely accepted hypothesis behind the formation of the Basin and Range Province.When was this process supposed to be occurring?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 30 million years ago, the

Question 14

A mountain range with peaks as high as 14,000 feet above sea level has formed.As time passes, erosion wears down the mountains.How will isostacy affect the crust?

Accepted Answer

A) The surrounding landscape will sink 
B) The mountain range will rise 
C) The mountain range will be depressed 
D) Nothing will change the elevation of the area 
A) The surrounding landscape will sink 
B) The mountain range will rise 
C) The mountain range will be depressed 
D) Nothing will change the elevation of the area

Question 15

What kind of stress would be affecting the marked region in this image?

Accepted Answer

A) Compression 
B) Tension 
C) Shear 
A) Compression 
B) Tension 
C) Shear

Question 16

India has been colliding with Asia for roughly 50 million years, a process that has uplifted the Tibetan Plateau.However, although the margin of Asia has been intensely deformed, India has remained largely intact.Why is this the case?

Accepted Answer

A) Asia's margin is composed of soft materials such as shale and sandstone 
B) There is a mantle plume beneath the Asian continent that softens the plate, permitting deformation 
C) Asia's rocks are over 2 billion years old and are so dense they are sinking back into the mantle 
D) Most of India is tough, durable, ancient shield material and is harder than the newer Asian material 
A) Asia's margin is composed of soft materials such as shale and sandstone 
B) There is a mantle plume beneath the Asian continent that softens the plate, permitting deformation 
C) Asia's rocks are over 2 billion years old and are so dense they are sinking back into the mantle 
D) Most of India is tough, durable, ancient shield material and is harder than the newer Asian material

Question 17

How does an Andean-type mountain-building event compare to a Cordilleran-type? Consider tectonic environments as well as processes of formation.

Accepted Answer

Andean-type events occur when oceanic li

Question 18

As India is colliding with Asia, the margin of Asia is experiencing significant deformation.What is happening to the rocks that are being deformed?

Accepted Answer

A) They are being subducted into the mantle 
B) They are being melted to become magma plutons 
C) They are being displaced to the southeast to make up Southeast Asia 
D) They are breaking off to form microcontinents 
A) They are being subducted into the mantle 
B) They are being melted to become magma plutons 
C) They are being displaced to the southeast to make up Southeast Asia 
D) They are breaking off to form microcontinents

Question 19

What are fault-block mountains?

Accepted Answer

A) Mountains formed through folding and thrusting of the crust 
B) Mountains consisting of exposed batholiths 
C) Mountains that form by erosion of streams 
D) Mountains formed through crustal extension and normal faulting 
A) Mountains formed through folding and thrusting of the crust 
B) Mountains consisting of exposed batholiths 
C) Mountains that form by erosion of streams 
D) Mountains formed through crustal extension and normal faulting

Question 20

What is a suture?

Accepted Answer

A) A landmass accreted to a continent through subduction 
B) The zone where two continents are welded together 
C) The region of a mid-ocean ridge where it is bisected by a transform boundary 
D) A fold-and-thrust belt created through convergence 
A) A landmass accreted to a continent through subduction 
B) The zone where two continents are welded together 
C) The region of a mid-ocean ridge where it is bisected by a transform boundary 
D) A fold-and-thrust belt created through convergence

Exam 14: Convergent Boundaries

What kind of volcanic chain is present in this image?

Which of the following best describes the effect of convective flow on the elevation of Earth's major landforms?

The Cascadia subduction zone off the coast of Washington and Oregon famously lacks a well-defined deep-ocean trench.Why might this be the case?

Put the four regions of a subduction zone in order from the convergent boundary landward toward the continental interior.

What kind of mountains are visible in this image?

Which mountain range consists of the youngest collisional mountains on Earth?

Most mountain ranges are the result of ________ stress.

Which factor(s)will most influence the depth of deep-ocean trenches?

Explain the difference between "terrain" and "terrane."

The ________ Orogeny is one of three events that formed the modern Appalachian Mountains.

What is the definition of orogenesis?

A ________ is a crustal fragment that has been transported by plate tectonics and has adhered to an overriding plate.

Explain the most widely accepted hypothesis behind the formation of the Basin and Range Province.When was this process supposed to be occurring?

A mountain range with peaks as high as 14,000 feet above sea level has formed.As time passes, erosion wears down the mountains.How will isostacy affect the crust?

What kind of stress would be affecting the marked region in this image?

India has been colliding with Asia for roughly 50 million years, a process that has uplifted the Tibetan Plateau.However, although the margin of Asia has been intensely deformed, India has remained largely intact.Why is this the case?

How does an Andean-type mountain-building event compare to a Cordilleran-type? Consider tectonic environments as well as processes of formation.

As India is colliding with Asia, the margin of Asia is experiencing significant deformation.What is happening to the rocks that are being deformed?

What are fault-block mountains?

What is a suture?

An Introduction to Geology

Plate Tectonics: a Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Matter and Minerals

Magma, Igneous Rocks, and Intrusive Activity

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Weathering and Soil

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes

Earths Interior

Divergent Boundaries

Mass Wasting

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Global Climate Change

Earths Evolution Through Geologic Time

Energy and Mineral Resources

Touring Our Solar System

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