Exam 5: Learning

Classical conditioning is to ________ responses as operant conditioning is to ________ responses.

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs-she now cries when she sees a dog. After this has occurred many times, Morgana now also cries at the sight of a dog leash or collar. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

Experience causes learning if it results in

Give one example of classical conditioning, one of operant conditioning, and one of observational learning in an infant (birth to two years). Be certain to point out how your examples illustrate the three kinds of learning.

Which behavioural changes are considered to be learned?

What is generalization?

What is learned helplessness?

Observing consequences for aggressive acts seems to help preschoolers learn that violence is morally unacceptable.

The removal of an unpleasant stimulus after a desired behaviour has occurred

Articles of clothing or other features that are repeatedly paired with sexual arousal or pleasure may become ________ for such reactions.

In which of the following does a stimulus that cannot initially elicit a response acquire the ability to do so as a result of repeated pairing with the stimulus that does elicit the response?

Using classical conditioning, some advertisers attempt to create pleasant feelings in us when they make their commercials. How do they do this?

Which of the following involves negative reinforcement?

For punishment to be effective it should be

In his animal study of sexual arousal, Pfaus and his associates were able to demonstrate the link between objects in the environment and sexual receptivity in humans. In his research, he used

Jamie and Anna are both employed raking leaves. Anna is paid $2 for each bag of leaves she rakes; Jamie is paid $4 per hour. Anna is paid according to the ________ schedule; Jamie is paid according to the ________ schedule.

The tendency of stimuli similar to a conditioned stimulus to evoke the conditioned response is called

What is the term for a soundproof operant-conditioning chamber with a device for delivering food and either a bar for rats to press or a disk for pigeons to peck?

People who are paid every week on Friday afternoon are on a

Punishment is most effective when