Exam 5: Learning

What three factors increase the effectiveness of punishment?

Little Tammy is frightened by thunder and cries when she hears it. During a season of frequent electrical storms, thunder is always preceded by lightning. Now Tammy cries as soon as she sees lightning, before the thunder can be heard. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

According to the partial-reinforcement effect, responses are less likely to be extinguished if

In Pavlov's original research, dogs heard a tone and then had meat powder placed in their mouths which caused them to salivate. After many pairings of the tone and meat powder, they would salivate when the tone was presented alone. In this case, the meat powder is an example of

An important aspect of the definition of learning is that the learned behaviour

Which type of reinforcer depends upon learning?

In his original studies with dogs, Pavlov concluded that the salivation response had been learned because

You have a chemistry quiz every Friday. You set up a study schedule in which you study every night from 19:00 to 21:00, followed by a pizza. Your studying reflects a ________reinforcement schedule.

In one of Pavlov's experiments, many doges were trained to salivate at the sound of a bell that was repeatedly paired with food. If one dog responded only to the original bell, but did not respond to other similar bells, that dog was showing the ability to

What types of responses can be learned through classical conditioning?

A negative impact of a token economy program could be

The termination of pain that occurs when a rat escapes or avoids electric shock by bar-pressing is a

Define "learning" and explain what makes classical conditioning a form of learning.

Among the following, who is reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?

Classical conditioning rarely occurs if the conditioned stimulus follows the unconditioned stimulus.

Which of the following behaviours is likely the result of shaping?

Temper tantrums are usually hard to extinguish because they have been maintained on a

Punishment is most effective when it is given

In operant conditioning, learning occurs when a behaviour is modified by the consequences of the behaviour.

Spontaneous recovery refers to the reappearance of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus is presented. It does not refer to any recurrence of the response in a random fashion.