Question 1

What happens when a conditioned response is extinguished?

Accepted Answer

A)  The conditioned stimulus becomes an inhibitor. 
B)  The conditioned stimulus no longer signals that the unconditioned stimulus will follow. 
C)  The association between the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response is forgotten. 
D)  The association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is forgotten. 
A)  The conditioned stimulus becomes an inhibitor. 
B)  The conditioned stimulus no longer signals that the unconditioned stimulus will follow. 
C)  The association between the unconditioned stimulus and the unconditioned response is forgotten. 
D)  The association between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is forgotten.

Question 2

Bud, a new employee, watches an experienced employee perform a specific task, and then Bud tries to repeat the task. The changes in Bud's behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  observational learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 3

Little Harold overcame his fear of water after two bullies had held him under the water. Although he swam the rest of the season without noticeable fear, on the first day of swimming the next summer, he began to cry and said he was scared. What had occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  extinction 
C)  discrimination 
D)  generalization 
A)  spontaneous recovery 
B)  extinction 
C)  discrimination 
D)  generalization

Question 4

Which of the following is not one of the four factors that influences classical conditioning identified in the text?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of pairings of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
B)  the temporal relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  the intensity of the conditioned stimulus 
D)  the reliability of the conditioned stimulus predicting the unconditioned stimulus 
A)  the number of pairings of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
B)  the temporal relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  the intensity of the conditioned stimulus 
D)  the reliability of the conditioned stimulus predicting the unconditioned stimulus

Question 5

According to the text, reinforcement is defined as any event that

Accepted Answer

A)  satisfies psychological needs. 
B)  increases the probability of a response. 
C)  satisfies physiological needs. 
D)  a person or animal enjoys. 
A)  satisfies psychological needs. 
B)  increases the probability of a response. 
C)  satisfies physiological needs. 
D)  a person or animal enjoys.

Question 6

According to operant conditioning, behaviours change because of the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious motivations involved. 
B)  consequences they produce. 
C)  involuntary associations formed between stimulus and response. 
D)  observation of other people's behaviours. 
A)  unconscious motivations involved. 
B)  consequences they produce. 
C)  involuntary associations formed between stimulus and response. 
D)  observation of other people's behaviours.

Question 7

Which factor listed below led Pavlov to determine that an extinguished conditioned response was not erased or forgotten, but only inhibited?

Accepted Answer

A)  The unconditioned stimulus produced stronger unconditioned responses than before conditioning. 
B)  The conditioned response could be recovered in much less time than was originally required to learn it. 
C)  The conditioned stimulus always produced some diminished response after extinction. 
D)  Brain scans indicated that a permanent change at the synapses had occurred. 
A)  The unconditioned stimulus produced stronger unconditioned responses than before conditioning. 
B)  The conditioned response could be recovered in much less time than was originally required to learn it. 
C)  The conditioned stimulus always produced some diminished response after extinction. 
D)  Brain scans indicated that a permanent change at the synapses had occurred.

Question 8

What was Pavlov's major contribution to psychology?

Accepted Answer

Ivan Pavlov's study of the con

Question 9

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. Salivating to the sight of the napkins in this situation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus. 
A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned response. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus.

Question 10

After repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, a trainer presents the conditioned stimulus alone, and the subject responds with

Accepted Answer

A)  a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a conditioned response. 
C)  an unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  an unconditioned response. 
A)  a conditioned stimulus. 
B)  a conditioned response. 
C)  an unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  an unconditioned response.

Question 11

The processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery occur in both classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is not an example of punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  spanking a child for running into the street 
B)  not allowing a teenager to use the car for a week because he came in very late on the previous weekend 
C)  sending a child to his room until he finishes cleaning it 
D)  grounding a child because she has not done her chores 
A)  spanking a child for running into the street 
B)  not allowing a teenager to use the car for a week because he came in very late on the previous weekend 
C)  sending a child to his room until he finishes cleaning it 
D)  grounding a child because she has not done her chores

Question 13

For classical conditioning to occur, the unconditioned stimulus should follow immediately after the conditioned stimulus and the two must be paired repeatedly. An exception to this statement is the conditioned

Accepted Answer

A)  drug tolerance. 
B)  immune response. 
C)  salivation response. 
D)  taste aversion. 
A)  drug tolerance. 
B)  immune response. 
C)  salivation response. 
D)  taste aversion.

Question 14

How is shaping used to condition a response?

Accepted Answer

In shaping, rather than waiting for the

Question 15

What are parents doing wrong when their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging?

Accepted Answer

A)  not using punishment when they should 
B)  not giving the child what they want sooner 
C)  failing to give the child the appropriate item before they start to nag 
D)  occasionally reinforcing the nagging by giving in once in a while 
A)  not using punishment when they should 
B)  not giving the child what they want sooner 
C)  failing to give the child the appropriate item before they start to nag 
D)  occasionally reinforcing the nagging by giving in once in a while

Question 16

Behaviour modification has been successfully applied to psychological problems like phobias and addictive behaviour (drug addiction).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The type of learning in which the behaviour is modified by its consequences is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  associational learning. 
C)  flooding. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  associational learning. 
C)  flooding. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 18

In operant conditioning, to shape someone's behaviour means you

Accepted Answer

A)  approximate the behaviour you want and stop there. 
B)  start off by rewarding behaviour which is close to what you want, then behaviour that is closer to what you want, and finally only that behaviour which you actually want. 
C)  punish non-desired behaviour until all that remains is the desired behaviour. 
D)  perform a desired behaviour yourself, and then reinforce the person when they mimic your behaviour. 
A)  approximate the behaviour you want and stop there. 
B)  start off by rewarding behaviour which is close to what you want, then behaviour that is closer to what you want, and finally only that behaviour which you actually want. 
C)  punish non-desired behaviour until all that remains is the desired behaviour. 
D)  perform a desired behaviour yourself, and then reinforce the person when they mimic your behaviour.

Question 19

When Matthew wrote a "B" that looked more like a "D," his teacher, Mrs. Chen, still praised him because it was better than his previous attempts. Mrs. Chen used a procedure called

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  extinction. 
A)  blocking. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  shaping. 
D)  extinction.

Question 20

Operant conditioning can be used for all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  learning new responses. 
B)  creating a response to a neutral stimulus through association. 
C)  decreasing the frequency of an existing response. 
D)  increasing the frequency of an existing response. 
A)  learning new responses. 
B)  creating a response to a neutral stimulus through association. 
C)  decreasing the frequency of an existing response. 
D)  increasing the frequency of an existing response.

What happens when a conditioned response is extinguished?

Bud, a new employee, watches an experienced employee perform a specific task, and then Bud tries to repeat the task. The changes in Bud's behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Little Harold overcame his fear of water after two bullies had held him under the water. Although he swam the rest of the season without noticeable fear, on the first day of swimming the next summer, he began to cry and said he was scared. What had occurred?

Which of the following is not one of the four factors that influences classical conditioning identified in the text?

According to the text, reinforcement is defined as any event that

According to operant conditioning, behaviours change because of the

Which factor listed below led Pavlov to determine that an extinguished conditioned response was not erased or forgotten, but only inhibited?

What was Pavlov's major contribution to psychology?

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. Salivating to the sight of the napkins in this situation is the

After repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, a trainer presents the conditioned stimulus alone, and the subject responds with

The processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery occur in both classical and operant conditioning.

Which of the following is not an example of punishment?

For classical conditioning to occur, the unconditioned stimulus should follow immediately after the conditioned stimulus and the two must be paired repeatedly. An exception to this statement is the conditioned

How is shaping used to condition a response?

What are parents doing wrong when their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging?

Behaviour modification has been successfully applied to psychological problems like phobias and addictive behaviour (drug addiction).

The type of learning in which the behaviour is modified by its consequences is referred to as

In operant conditioning, to shape someone's behaviour means you

When Matthew wrote a "B" that looked more like a "D," his teacher, Mrs. Chen, still praised him because it was better than his previous attempts. Mrs. Chen used a procedure called

Operant conditioning can be used for all of the following, except

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Development

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality, Theory and Assessment

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Exam 5: Learning

What happens when a conditioned response is extinguished?

Bud, a new employee, watches an experienced employee perform a specific task, and then Bud tries to repeat the task. The changes in Bud's behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Little Harold overcame his fear of water after two bullies had held him under the water. Although he swam the rest of the season without noticeable fear, on the first day of swimming the next summer, he began to cry and said he was scared. What had occurred?

Which of the following is not one of the four factors that influences classical conditioning identified in the text?

According to the text, reinforcement is defined as any event that

According to operant conditioning, behaviours change because of the

Which factor listed below led Pavlov to determine that an extinguished conditioned response was not erased or forgotten, but only inhibited?

What was Pavlov's major contribution to psychology?

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. Salivating to the sight of the napkins in this situation is the

After repeatedly pairing a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus, a trainer presents the conditioned stimulus alone, and the subject responds with

The processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction, and spontaneous recovery occur in both classical and operant conditioning.

Which of the following is not an example of punishment?

For classical conditioning to occur, the unconditioned stimulus should follow immediately after the conditioned stimulus and the two must be paired repeatedly. An exception to this statement is the conditioned

How is shaping used to condition a response?

What are parents doing wrong when their children continue to nag to get what they want, even though the parents usually do not give in to the nagging?

Behaviour modification has been successfully applied to psychological problems like phobias and addictive behaviour (drug addiction).

The type of learning in which the behaviour is modified by its consequences is referred to as

In operant conditioning, to shape someone's behaviour means you

When Matthew wrote a "B" that looked more like a "D," his teacher, Mrs. Chen, still praised him because it was better than his previous attempts. Mrs. Chen used a procedure called

Operant conditioning can be used for all of the following, except

Introduction to Psychology

Biology and Behaviour

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Development

Motivation and Emotion

Social Psychology

Personality, Theory and Assessment

Health and Stress

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Filters