Exam 16: The Digestive System

Plasma Ca²⁺ concentration is one of the most tightly controlled variables in the body.

Which of these hormones does the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex secrete?

Which of these statements does NOT describe osteoporosis?

Hypernatraemia is a body's retention of _____________________.

Match the hormones, labelled a. through k., with their correct characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.ACTH b.aldosterone c.calcitonin d.cortisol e.DHEA f.epinephrine g.glucagon h.insulin i.parathyroid hormone j.thyroid hormone k.vitamin D -responsible for the female sex drive

ACTH stimulates the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis to a far greater extent than it stimulates the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex.

Match the hormone abnormalities, labelled a. through n., with the symptoms listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.catecholamine excess b.catecholamine deficiency c.mineralocorticoid excess d.glucocorticoid excess e.mineralocorticoid glucocorticoid deficiency f.adrenal androgen excess in adult women g.adrenal androgen excess in prepubertal boys h.adrenal androgen excess before birth in females i.parathyroid hormone deficiency j.parathyroid hormone excess k.vitamin D deficiency l.vitamin D excess m.insulin deficiency n.insulin excess -female masculinization; hirsutism

Obesity can precipitate overt Type II diabetes mellitus in individuals genetically predisposed.

Which of the following events does NOT happen during thyroid hormone secretion?

PTH increases plasma Ca²⁺ and decreases plasma PO₄.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of epinephrine?

_____________________ is controlled primarily by the release of renin.

The blood glucose level is the primary controlling factor of insulin secretion.

Match the sources, labelled a. through i, with the hormones. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.alpha cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas b.beta cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas c.anterior pituitary d.hypothalamus e.adrenal cortex f.adrenal medulla g.parathyroid gland h.thyroid gland i.skin -tetraiodothyronine

Both Type I and Type II diabetes must be treated by regular insulin injections.

One of the primary functions of cortisol secretion at normal physiological levels is its anti-inflammatory action.

Osteoblasts communicate to osteoclasts via osteoprotegerin.

Using the letter code, match the cells with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) A) osteoblast B) osteocyte C) osteoclast ____ dissolves bone ____ secretes organic matrix of bone ____ forms a membrane between the bone fluid and ECF across which Ca²⁺ efflux occurs ____ stimulated by PTH ____ inhibited by PTH ____ inhibited by calcitonin

Match the hormone abnormalities, labelled a. through n., with the symptoms listed. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.catecholamine excess b.catecholamine deficiency c.mineralocorticoid excess d.glucocorticoid excess e.mineralocorticoid glucocorticoid deficiency f.adrenal androgen excess in adult women g.adrenal androgen excess in prepubertal boys h.adrenal androgen excess before birth in females i.parathyroid hormone deficiency j.parathyroid hormone excess k.vitamin D deficiency l.vitamin D excess m.insulin deficiency n.insulin excess -hypernatraemia, hypokalaemia, high blood pressure

Which pituitary hormone increases the concentration of blood sugar?