Question 1

Which of the following occurs in convergence?

Accepted Answer

A) Thousands of synapses from many different presynaptic cells end on a single postsynaptic cell. 
B) The axon of a nerve cell branches so that the activity in one neuron influences many other cells. 
C)  The dendrites all converge on the cell body. 
D)  The action potential initiated in the axon diminishes as it diverges into the axon terminals. 
A) Thousands of synapses from many different presynaptic cells end on a single postsynaptic cell. 
B) The axon of a nerve cell branches so that the activity in one neuron influences many other cells. 
C)  The dendrites all converge on the cell body. 
D)  The action potential initiated in the axon diminishes as it diverges into the axon terminals.

Question 2

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.AS1U1P1-S1S1P0
d.ClS1U1P1-S1S1P0
-cation in greatest concentration in the ICF

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through d.,...

Question 3

Which of these statements correctly describes the concentration gradient for Na+?

Accepted Answer

A) It favours its movement into the cell at resting potential. 
B) It favours its movement out of the cell at resting potential. 
C)  Net outward movement is continued until equilibrium. 
D)  Na+ equilibrium potential is -60 mV. 
A) It favours its movement into the cell at resting potential. 
B) It favours its movement out of the cell at resting potential. 
C)  Net outward movement is continued until equilibrium. 
D)  Na+ equilibrium potential is -60 mV.

Question 4

Match the vesicles, labelled a. through c., with their characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.transport vesicles
b.coated vesicles
c.secretory vesicles
-contents emptied to the exterior by exocytosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the vesicles, labelled a. through c.,...

Question 5

____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence,...

Question 6

Which of these statements describes why myelinated axons conduct impulses much faster than unmyelinated axons?

Accepted Answer

A) because channels have to close at the nodes 
B) because voltage is not lost along myelinated areas 
C)  because of shorter axons 
D)  because of available energy 
A) because channels have to close at the nodes 
B) because voltage is not lost along myelinated areas 
C)  because of shorter axons 
D)  because of available energy

Question 7

What is the universal energy currency in cells?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) glucose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  insulin 
A) ATP 
B) glucose 
C)  glycogen 
D)  insulin

Question 8

Describe the major aspects of the cytoskeleton.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the major aspects of the cytoskeleton....

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning the absolute refractory period is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The absolute refractory period refers to the period of time during which another action potential cannot be initiated in a patch of membrane that has just undergone an action potential, no matter how strong the stimulus. 
B) The absolute refractory period corresponds to the time period during which the Na+ gates are first opened and then closed and inactivated. 
C)  Immediately following the absolute refractory period, the patch of nerve fibre membrane that has just undergone an action potential can be restimulated only by a stronger stimulus than is usually necessary. 
D)  The absolute refractory period occurs during the after hyperpolarization phase of the action potential. 
A) The absolute refractory period refers to the period of time during which another action potential cannot be initiated in a patch of membrane that has just undergone an action potential, no matter how strong the stimulus. 
B) The absolute refractory period corresponds to the time period during which the Na+ gates are first opened and then closed and inactivated. 
C)  Immediately following the absolute refractory period, the patch of nerve fibre membrane that has just undergone an action potential can be restimulated only by a stronger stimulus than is usually necessary. 
D)  The absolute refractory period occurs during the after hyperpolarization phase of the action potential.

Question 10

All the following statements concerning the Na+-K+ pump are correct EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A) The phosphorylated conformation of the Na+-K+ pump has high affinity for K+ when exposed to the ICF. 
B) The Na+-K+ pump has ATPase activity. 
C)  The Na+-K+ pump establishes Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the plasma membrane; these gradients are critically important in the ability of nerve and muscle cells to generate electrical impulses essential to their functioning. 
D)  The Na+-K+ pump helps regulate cell volume by controlling the concentration of solutes inside the cell to minimize osmotic effects that would induce swelling or shrinking of the cell. 
A) The phosphorylated conformation of the Na+-K+ pump has high affinity for K+ when exposed to the ICF. 
B) The Na+-K+ pump has ATPase activity. 
C)  The Na+-K+ pump establishes Na+ and K+ concentration gradients across the plasma membrane; these gradients are critically important in the ability of nerve and muscle cells to generate electrical impulses essential to their functioning. 
D)  The Na+-K+ pump helps regulate cell volume by controlling the concentration of solutes inside the cell to minimize osmotic effects that would induce swelling or shrinking of the cell.

Question 11

Increased permeability of the postsynaptic cell to Cl- lessens the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell will undergo an action potential because the membrane potential is moved farther away from threshold.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force.
b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force.
-Na+-K+ pump for K+

Accepted Answer

Question 13

Anions are attracted toward a more positively charged area along an electrical gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

One extracellular messenger molecule can ultimately influence the activity of only one protein molecule within the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is net ____________________ by charge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the resting membrane potential, the inside...

Question 16

Carrier molecules always require energy to accomplish transport of a substance across the membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is most abundant in cells specialized for protein secretion, whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that specialize in lipid metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements correctly describes the electrical gradient for K+?

Accepted Answer

A) It favours its movement out of the cell at resting potential. 
B) It favours its movement into the cell at resting potential. 
C)  It favours the concentration gradient for K+ at the equilibrium potential for K+. 
D)  The larger the electrical gradient, the lesser is the equilibrium potential. 
A) It favours its movement out of the cell at resting potential. 
B) It favours its movement into the cell at resting potential. 
C)  It favours the concentration gradient for K+ at the equilibrium potential for K+. 
D)  The larger the electrical gradient, the lesser is the equilibrium potential.

Question 19

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.NaS1U1P1+S1S1P0
b.KS1U1P1+S1S1P0
c.AS1U1P1-S1S1P0
d.ClS1U1P1-S1S1P0
-anion in greatest concentration in the ICF

Accepted Answer

The answer of Match the ions, labelled a. through d.,...

Question 20

Extracellular messengers binding on surface receptors may exert effects on cells via all the following means EXCEPT which one?

Accepted Answer

A) opening gated channels 
B) opening a gated channel through activation of a G protein 
C)  activation of the adenylyl cyclase system 
D)  binding to sites and then being endocytosed 
A) opening gated channels 
B) opening a gated channel through activation of a G protein 
C)  activation of the adenylyl cyclase system 
D)  binding to sites and then being endocytosed

Which of the following occurs in convergence?

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.Na⁺ b.K⁺ c.A^- d.Cl^- -cation in greatest concentration in the ICF

Which of these statements correctly describes the concentration gradient for Na⁺?

Match the vesicles, labelled a. through c., with their characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.transport vesicles b.coated vesicles c.secretory vesicles -contents emptied to the exterior by exocytosis

____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Which of these statements describes why myelinated axons conduct impulses much faster than unmyelinated axons?

What is the universal energy currency in cells?

Describe the major aspects of the cytoskeleton.

Which of the following statements concerning the absolute refractory period is NOT accurate?

All the following statements concerning the Na⁺-K⁺ pump are correct EXCEPT which one?

Increased permeability of the postsynaptic cell to Cl^- lessens the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell will undergo an action potential because the membrane potential is moved farther away from threshold.

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force. b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force. -Na⁺-K⁺ pump for K⁺

Anions are attracted toward a more positively charged area along an electrical gradient.

One extracellular messenger molecule can ultimately influence the activity of only one protein molecule within the cell.

During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is net ____________________ by charge.

Carrier molecules always require energy to accomplish transport of a substance across the membrane.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is most abundant in cells specialized for protein secretion, whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that specialize in lipid metabolism.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the electrical gradient for K⁺?

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.Na⁺ b.K⁺ c.A^- d.Cl^- -anion in greatest concentration in the ICF

Extracellular messengers binding on surface receptors may exert effects on cells via all the following means EXCEPT which one?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 2: Cell Physiology

Which of the following occurs in convergence?

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.Na+ b.K+ c.A- d.Cl- -cation in greatest concentration in the ICF

Which of these statements correctly describes the concentration gradient for Na+?

Match the vesicles, labelled a. through c., with their characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.transport vesicles b.coated vesicles c.secretory vesicles -contents emptied to the exterior by exocytosis

____________________ along axons reduces resistance and, hence, increases impulse velocity.

Which of these statements describes why myelinated axons conduct impulses much faster than unmyelinated axons?

What is the universal energy currency in cells?

Describe the major aspects of the cytoskeleton.

Which of the following statements concerning the absolute refractory period is NOT accurate?

All the following statements concerning the Na+-K+ pump are correct EXCEPT which one?

Increased permeability of the postsynaptic cell to Cl- lessens the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell will undergo an action potential because the membrane potential is moved farther away from threshold.

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force. b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force. -Na+-K+ pump for K+

Anions are attracted toward a more positively charged area along an electrical gradient.

One extracellular messenger molecule can ultimately influence the activity of only one protein molecule within the cell.

During the resting membrane potential, the inside of a neuron is net ____________________ by charge.

Carrier molecules always require energy to accomplish transport of a substance across the membrane.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is most abundant in cells specialized for protein secretion, whereas smooth endoplasmic reticulum is abundant in cells that specialize in lipid metabolism.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the electrical gradient for K+?

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.Na+ b.K+ c.A- d.Cl- -anion in greatest concentration in the ICF

Extracellular messengers binding on surface receptors may exert effects on cells via all the following means EXCEPT which one?

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.Na⁺ b.K⁺ c.A^- d.Cl^- -cation in greatest concentration in the ICF

Which of these statements correctly describes the concentration gradient for Na⁺?

All the following statements concerning the Na⁺-K⁺ pump are correct EXCEPT which one?

Increased permeability of the postsynaptic cell to Cl^- lessens the likelihood that the postsynaptic cell will undergo an action potential because the membrane potential is moved farther away from threshold.

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force. b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force. -Na⁺-K⁺ pump for K⁺

Which of the following statements correctly describes the electrical gradient for K⁺?

Match the ions, labelled a. through d., with their various roles. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.Na⁺ b.K⁺ c.A^- d.Cl^- -anion in greatest concentration in the ICF