Question 1

One chemical messenger molecule can ultimately induce the production of millions of molecules of a secretory product by a cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

A first messenger is an intracellular chemical messenger that triggers a preprogrammed series of biochemical events within a cell to bring about a desired response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na+ channels can be in which of these states?

Accepted Answer

A) closed but capable of opening 
B) inhibited 
C)  partially closed 
D)  partially opened 
A) closed but capable of opening 
B) inhibited 
C)  partially closed 
D)  partially opened

Question 4

Which of the following happens at resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

A) The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 
B) The membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
C)  Cl- is not at its equilibrium potential. 
D)  The membrane is more permeable to Cl-. 
A) The membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+. 
B) The membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K+. 
C)  Cl- is not at its equilibrium potential. 
D)  The membrane is more permeable to Cl-.

Question 5

Which statement regarding microfilaments is NOT correct?

Accepted Answer

A) They serve as mechanical stiffeners for microvilli. 
B) They are composed of actin subunits. 
C)  They are the smallest elements of the cytoskeleton. 
D)  They form mitotic spindles. 
A) They serve as mechanical stiffeners for microvilli. 
B) They are composed of actin subunits. 
C)  They are the smallest elements of the cytoskeleton. 
D)  They form mitotic spindles.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves a carrier molecule. 
B) It requires energy expenditure. 
C)  It is how protein enters the cells. 
D)  It is about movement of molecules against its concentration gradient. 
A) It involves a carrier molecule. 
B) It requires energy expenditure. 
C)  It is how protein enters the cells. 
D)  It is about movement of molecules against its concentration gradient.

Question 7

Which of these statements concerning the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Under an electron microscope, the plasma membrane appears as two dark lines with a light space between. 
B) In its resting state, the plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K-. 
C)  The plasma membrane does not contain cholesterol. 
D)  The plasma membrane can be seen under an ordinary light microscope. 
A) Under an electron microscope, the plasma membrane appears as two dark lines with a light space between. 
B) In its resting state, the plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than to K-. 
C)  The plasma membrane does not contain cholesterol. 
D)  The plasma membrane can be seen under an ordinary light microscope.

Question 8

Describe aerobic cellular respiration from a mechanistic point of view.

Accepted Answer

Aerobic cellular respiration is the proc

Question 9

Which of the following statements concerning cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Not every cell can perform certain basic functions essential to its own survival. 
B) The average human cell is about 100 times smaller than the smallest particle visible by the unaided eye. 
C)  The cells of all organisms are fundamentally different in structure and function. 
D)  Every muscle cell contains a single nucleus. 
A) Not every cell can perform certain basic functions essential to its own survival. 
B) The average human cell is about 100 times smaller than the smallest particle visible by the unaided eye. 
C)  The cells of all organisms are fundamentally different in structure and function. 
D)  Every muscle cell contains a single nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is correct for mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of mitochondria per cell is the same for every cell. 
B) DNA is enclosed within the cell nucleus and the mitochondria. 
C)  The mitochondrial DNA in our cells are copies of our parents' DNA. 
D)  Mitochondrial DNA has unlimited ability to repair. 
A) The number of mitochondria per cell is the same for every cell. 
B) DNA is enclosed within the cell nucleus and the mitochondria. 
C)  The mitochondrial DNA in our cells are copies of our parents' DNA. 
D)  Mitochondrial DNA has unlimited ability to repair.

Question 11

Which of the following correct describes the refractory period?

Accepted Answer

A) It promotes the spread of action potentials forward and backward. 
B) It refers to the time period during which a portion of the membrane that has just undergone an action potential cannot undergo another action potential in response to normal triggering events because the channels opened during the action potential have not been restored to their "closed but capable of opening" conformation. 
C)  It places a lower limit on the frequency with which a neuron cannot conduct action potentials 
D)  It refers to the repolarizing period. 
A) It promotes the spread of action potentials forward and backward. 
B) It refers to the time period during which a portion of the membrane that has just undergone an action potential cannot undergo another action potential in response to normal triggering events because the channels opened during the action potential have not been restored to their "closed but capable of opening" conformation. 
C)  It places a lower limit on the frequency with which a neuron cannot conduct action potentials 
D)  It refers to the repolarizing period.

Question 12

According to the Nernst equation, the equilibrium potential for a given ion decreases as the difference in concentration of the ion outside and inside the cell increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The cytosol is the gel-like mass of the cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following statements correctly describes carrier-mediated transport?

Accepted Answer

A) It involves a specific membrane protein that serves as a carrier molecule. 
B) It always moves substances against a concentration gradient. 
C)  It always requires energy expenditure. 
D)  It always moves substances along a concentration gradient. 
A) It involves a specific membrane protein that serves as a carrier molecule. 
B) It always moves substances against a concentration gradient. 
C)  It always requires energy expenditure. 
D)  It always moves substances along a concentration gradient.

Question 15

Which of the following occurs when a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically gated Na+ channels?

Accepted Answer

A) An impulse is propagated. 
B) A graded potential is established. 
C)  An action potential is established. 
D)  The voltage becomes more negative. 
A) An impulse is propagated. 
B) A graded potential is established. 
C)  An action potential is established. 
D)  The voltage becomes more negative.

Question 16

Which statement is NOT correct regarding the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

A) It sorts and directs products to their final destination. 
B) It modifies proteins chemically. 
C)  It produces secretory vesicles. 
D)  It is responsible for protein synthesis. 
A) It sorts and directs products to their final destination. 
B) It modifies proteins chemically. 
C)  It produces secretory vesicles. 
D)  It is responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 17

A leukocyte, a type of white blood cell, fights bacterial infections by sending out projections of its plasma membrane that surround an invading bacterium. The membrane then fuses together, entrapping the bacterium in a vesicle inside the cell. What is this is an example of?

Accepted Answer

A) exocytosis 
B) receptor-mediated endocytosis 
C)  pinocytosis 
D)  phagocytosis 
A) exocytosis 
B) receptor-mediated endocytosis 
C)  pinocytosis 
D)  phagocytosis

Question 18

In the plasma membrane, the polar ends of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What permeability changes would you expect to occur at the postsynaptic neuron when presynaptic neuron X is stimulated? (Remember that the postsynaptic neuron becomes hyperpolarized by presynaptic neuron X.)

Accepted Answer

A) increased PNa+ and PK+ 
B) increased PK+ or PCl- 
C)  increased PA- 
D)  increased PCa2+ 
A) increased PNa+ and PK+ 
B) increased PK+ or PCl- 
C)  increased PA- 
D)  increased PCa2+

Question 20

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.)
a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force.
b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force.
-electrical gradient for K+ at resting potential

Accepted Answer

One chemical messenger molecule can ultimately induce the production of millions of molecules of a secretory product by a cell.

A first messenger is an intracellular chemical messenger that triggers a preprogrammed series of biochemical events within a cell to bring about a desired response.

Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na⁺ channels can be in which of these states?

Which of the following happens at resting membrane potential?

Which statement regarding microfilaments is NOT correct?

Which of the following statements regarding facilitated diffusion is correct?

Which of these statements concerning the plasma membrane is correct?

Describe aerobic cellular respiration from a mechanistic point of view.

Which of the following statements concerning cells is correct?

Which of the following statements is correct for mitochondria?

Which of the following correct describes the refractory period?

According to the Nernst equation, the equilibrium potential for a given ion decreases as the difference in concentration of the ion outside and inside the cell increases.

The cytosol is the gel-like mass of the cytoplasm.

Which of the following statements correctly describes carrier-mediated transport?

Which of the following occurs when a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically gated Na⁺ channels?

Which statement is NOT correct regarding the Golgi complex?

A leukocyte, a type of white blood cell, fights bacterial infections by sending out projections of its plasma membrane that surround an invading bacterium. The membrane then fuses together, entrapping the bacterium in a vesicle inside the cell. What is this is an example of?

In the plasma membrane, the polar ends of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic.

What permeability changes would you expect to occur at the postsynaptic neuron when presynaptic neuron X is stimulated? (Remember that the postsynaptic neuron becomes hyperpolarized by presynaptic neuron X.)

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force. b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force. -electrical gradient for K⁺ at resting potential

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Exam 2: Cell Physiology

One chemical messenger molecule can ultimately induce the production of millions of molecules of a secretory product by a cell.

A first messenger is an intracellular chemical messenger that triggers a preprogrammed series of biochemical events within a cell to bring about a desired response.

Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na+ channels can be in which of these states?

Which of the following happens at resting membrane potential?

Which statement regarding microfilaments is NOT correct?

Which of the following statements regarding facilitated diffusion is correct?

Which of these statements concerning the plasma membrane is correct?

Describe aerobic cellular respiration from a mechanistic point of view.

Which of the following statements concerning cells is correct?

Which of the following statements is correct for mitochondria?

Which of the following correct describes the refractory period?

According to the Nernst equation, the equilibrium potential for a given ion decreases as the difference in concentration of the ion outside and inside the cell increases.

The cytosol is the gel-like mass of the cytoplasm.

Which of the following statements correctly describes carrier-mediated transport?

Which of the following occurs when a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically gated Na+ channels?

Which statement is NOT correct regarding the Golgi complex?

A leukocyte, a type of white blood cell, fights bacterial infections by sending out projections of its plasma membrane that surround an invading bacterium. The membrane then fuses together, entrapping the bacterium in a vesicle inside the cell. What is this is an example of?

In the plasma membrane, the polar ends of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic.

What permeability changes would you expect to occur at the postsynaptic neuron when presynaptic neuron X is stimulated? (Remember that the postsynaptic neuron becomes hyperpolarized by presynaptic neuron X.)

Match the result, labelled a. or b., with the force and involved ion in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.The ion tends to be moved into the cell by this force. b.The ion tends to be moved out of the cell by this force. -electrical gradient for K+ at resting potential

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

Fluid and Acidbase Balance

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Filters

Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na⁺ channels can be in which of these states?

Which of the following occurs when a membrane is stimulated due to opening of chemically gated Na⁺ channels?