Question 1

At the nephron, angiotensin II triggers ________ to elevate glomerular pressures and glomerular filtration rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles 
B)  vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles 
C)  vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta 
D)  vasodilation of the efferent arterioles 
E)  the release of ANP 
A)  vasoconstriction of the efferent arterioles 
B)  vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles 
C)  vasodilation of the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta 
D)  vasodilation of the efferent arterioles 
E)  the release of ANP

Question 2

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The renin-angiotensin system will be activated. 
B)  Sodium reabsorption will be inhibited. 
C)  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries. 
D)  Vasodilation of the efferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries. 
E)  The amount of ADH released in the blood will decrease. 
A)  The renin-angiotensin system will be activated. 
B)  Sodium reabsorption will be inhibited. 
C)  Vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries. 
D)  Vasodilation of the efferent arterioles and glomerular capillaries. 
E)  The amount of ADH released in the blood will decrease.

Question 3

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label R represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 4

Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolism. 
B)  metabolic generation of water. 
C)  exhalation. 
D)  reabsorption. 
E)  active secretion. 
A)  metabolism. 
B)  metabolic generation of water. 
C)  exhalation. 
D)  reabsorption. 
E)  active secretion.

Question 5

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  medulla oblongata. 
C)  pons. 
D)  lumbar spinal cord. 
E)  sacral spinal cord. 
A)  hypothalamus. 
B)  medulla oblongata. 
C)  pons. 
D)  lumbar spinal cord. 
E)  sacral spinal cord.

Question 6

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of vital nutrients from the tubular fluid 
B)  conduction of urine to the minor calices 
C)  determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of the urine 
D)  active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins 
E)  filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation 
A)  reabsorption of vital nutrients from the tubular fluid 
B)  conduction of urine to the minor calices 
C)  determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of the urine 
D)  active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins 
E)  filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation

Question 7

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excretion of waste products will increase. 
B)  Kidney filtration will stop. 
C)  There will be no effect on pH control. 
D)  Active secretion will occur normally in the distal convoluted tubule. 
E)  The renin-angiotensin system is unaffected. 
A)  Excretion of waste products will increase. 
B)  Kidney filtration will stop. 
C)  There will be no effect on pH control. 
D)  Active secretion will occur normally in the distal convoluted tubule. 
E)  The renin-angiotensin system is unaffected.

Question 8

The hormone ANP

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates ADH secretion. 
B)  increases the rate of sodium ion reabsorption. 
C)  decreases glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreases urinary water loss. 
E)  promotes the dilation of glomerular capillaries. 
A)  stimulates ADH secretion. 
B)  increases the rate of sodium ion reabsorption. 
C)  decreases glomerular filtration. 
D)  decreases urinary water loss. 
E)  promotes the dilation of glomerular capillaries.

Question 9

Acid-base balance exists when

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a balance between the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the kidneys. 
B)  the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss. 
C)  protein intake equals protein excretion. 
D)  the net gain in sodium ions equals its net loss. 
E)  the production of hydrogen ions is equal to their loss. 
A)  there is a balance between the rates of absorption across the digestive tract with rates of loss at the kidneys. 
B)  the amount of water gain equals the amount of water loss. 
C)  protein intake equals protein excretion. 
D)  the net gain in sodium ions equals its net loss. 
E)  the production of hydrogen ions is equal to their loss.

Question 10

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT decreases. 
B)  more concentrated urine is produced. 
C)  less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct. 
D)  the water content of urine increases. 
E)  the sensation of thirst is inhibited. 
A)  the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT decreases. 
B)  more concentrated urine is produced. 
C)  less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct. 
D)  the water content of urine increases. 
E)  the sensation of thirst is inhibited.

Question 11

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells of the juxtaglomerular complex secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin. 
B)  The collecting system reabsorbs water and reabsorbs or secretes sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions. 
C)  The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid. 
D)  The ascending limb of the nephron loop actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid. 
E)  The filtration slits between the slender processes of the podocytes prevent the passage of blood cells and most plasma proteins. 
A)  The cells of the juxtaglomerular complex secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin. 
B)  The collecting system reabsorbs water and reabsorbs or secretes sodium, potassium, hydrogen, and bicarbonate ions. 
C)  The cells of the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the tubular fluid. 
D)  The ascending limb of the nephron loop actively transports sodium and chloride ions out of the tubular fluid. 
E)  The filtration slits between the slender processes of the podocytes prevent the passage of blood cells and most plasma proteins.

Question 12

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label N represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  nephron loop 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 13

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label D represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 14

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label P represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  nephron loop 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

At the nephron, angiotensin II triggers ________ to elevate glomerular pressures and glomerular filtration rates.

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label R represents which of the following structures?

Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

The hormone ANP

Acid-base balance exists when

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label N represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label D represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label P represents which of the following structures?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Exam 18: The Urinary System

At the nephron, angiotensin II triggers ________ to elevate glomerular pressures and glomerular filtration rates.

If through injury, both the blood flow to the kidneys and the glomerular filtration pressure decrease, which of the following will likely occur?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label R represents which of the following structures?

Organic acids, or metabolic acids, are generated during the normal process of

The micturition reflex center consists of afferent sensory fibers in the pelvic nerves, which carry the resulting impulses to the

Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Which of the following will likely occur if glomerular blood pressure falls significantly?

The hormone ANP

Acid-base balance exists when

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

Why does the peritubular fluid of the renal medulla contain an unusually high solute concentration?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label N represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label D represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label P represents which of the following structures?

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters