Question 1

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits.

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  column 
D)  hilum 
E)  sinus 
A)  cortex 
B)  medulla 
C)  column 
D)  hilum 
E)  sinus

Question 2

Which process is the vital first step essential to all kidney functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  active secretion 
B)  reabsorption of nutrients 
C)  reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid 
D)  glomerular filtration 
E)  excretion of metabolic waste products 
A)  active secretion 
B)  reabsorption of nutrients 
C)  reabsorption of water from the tubular fluid 
D)  glomerular filtration 
E)  excretion of metabolic waste products

Question 3

When one eats a high-sodium meal, why does it not raise the sodium ion concentration of body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B)  Osmosis moves water from the digestive epithelium to the ECF. 
C)  Both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  Water is exchanged for sodium chloride as it crosses the digestive epithelium. 
A)  The osmolarity of the ECF falls. 
B)  Osmosis moves water from the digestive epithelium to the ECF. 
C)  Both the ECF and the ICF become more dilute. 
D)  There is an increase in the volume of the ICF. 
E)  Water is exchanged for sodium chloride as it crosses the digestive epithelium.

Question 4

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys would likely produce

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased volume of urine. 
B)  urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C)  urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D)  urine with a normal pH average of 6. 
E)  urine with less urea. 
A)  a decreased volume of urine. 
B)  urine with a higher concentration of sodium ions. 
C)  urine with a lower concentration of potassium ions. 
D)  urine with a normal pH average of 6. 
E)  urine with less urea.

Question 5

With increasing age,

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of functional nephrons increases. 
B)  the sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone increases. 
C)  the total body water content increases. 
D)  instances of kidney problems increase. 
E)  the body mineral content increases due to the deterioration of bone. 
A)  the number of functional nephrons increases. 
B)  the sensitivity to ADH and aldosterone increases. 
C)  the total body water content increases. 
D)  instances of kidney problems increase. 
E)  the body mineral content increases due to the deterioration of bone.

Question 6

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  left; lower; right 
B)  left; more anterior; right 
C)  right; lower; left 
D)  right; higher; left 
E)  right; more posterior; left 
A)  left; lower; right 
B)  left; more anterior; right 
C)  right; lower; left 
D)  right; higher; left 
E)  right; more posterior; left

Question 7

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?

Accepted Answer

A)  powerful vasodilation of afferent arterioles 
B)  increased production of filtrate 
C)  powerful vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles 
D)  powerful vasodilation of efferent arterioles 
E)  decreased glomerular filtration rate 
A)  powerful vasodilation of afferent arterioles 
B)  increased production of filtrate 
C)  powerful vasoconstriction of efferent arterioles 
D)  powerful vasodilation of efferent arterioles 
E)  decreased glomerular filtration rate

Question 8

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label C represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 9

The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid. 
B)  ketone bodies. 
C)  organic acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  hydrochloric acid. 
A)  lactic acid. 
B)  ketone bodies. 
C)  organic acids. 
D)  carbon dioxide. 
E)  hydrochloric acid.

Question 10

Which are the principal anions in the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnesium and potassium 
B)  sodium and potassium 
C)  phosphate and chloride 
D)  chloride and bicarbonate 
E)  magnesium and bicarbonate 
A)  magnesium and potassium 
B)  sodium and potassium 
C)  phosphate and chloride 
D)  chloride and bicarbonate 
E)  magnesium and bicarbonate

Question 11

By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine, and releasing erythropoietin and renin, the urinary system specifically functions in

Accepted Answer

A)  helping to stabilize blood pH. 
B)  conserving valuable nutrients. 
C)  regulating blood pressure. 
D)  regulating plasma concentrations of ions. 
E)  controlling the concentration of vitamins. 
A)  helping to stabilize blood pH. 
B)  conserving valuable nutrients. 
C)  regulating blood pressure. 
D)  regulating plasma concentrations of ions. 
E)  controlling the concentration of vitamins.

Question 12

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label H represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra 
B)  ureter 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  hilum 
E)  fibrous capsule 
A)  urethra 
B)  ureter 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  hilum 
E)  fibrous capsule

Question 13

Hypoventilation is usually the cause of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  hyponatremia. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  respiratory alkalosis. 
C)  metabolic acidosis. 
D)  metabolic alkalosis. 
E)  hyponatremia.

Question 14

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label I represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx 
A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx

Question 15

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label X represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 16

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema. Blood tests show that his blood pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly. Explain why the blood pH is unaffected.

Accepted Answer

As long as the ratio of bicarbonate ion

Question 17

If the peripheral capillary beds become constricted,

Accepted Answer

A)  blood flow into the efferent arteriole will increase. 
B)  blood pressure in the renal arteries will increase. 
C)  GFR will decrease. 
D)  vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will occur. 
E)  the sensation of thirst will be inhibited. 
A)  blood flow into the efferent arteriole will increase. 
B)  blood pressure in the renal arteries will increase. 
C)  GFR will decrease. 
D)  vasodilation of the efferent arteriole will occur. 
E)  the sensation of thirst will be inhibited.

Question 18

When the level of potassium ions in the ECF increases,

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoreceptors swell. 
B)  ions are conserved. 
C)  less ADH is released. 
D)  there is an increase in the level of aldosterone. 
E)  there is a decrease in the level of atrial natriuretic peptide. 
A)  osmoreceptors swell. 
B)  ions are conserved. 
C)  less ADH is released. 
D)  there is an increase in the level of aldosterone. 
E)  there is a decrease in the level of atrial natriuretic peptide.

Question 19

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label U represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx 
A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx

Question 20

Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________, the second most common acid-base disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
E)  pyelonephritis 
A)  metabolic acidosis 
B)  metabolic alkalosis 
C)  respiratory acidosis 
D)  respiratory alkalosis 
E)  pyelonephritis

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits.

Which process is the vital first step essential to all kidney functions?

When one eats a high-sodium meal, why does it not raise the sodium ion concentration of body fluids?

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys would likely produce

With increasing age,

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the kidney often sits slightly than the kidney.

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label C represents which of the following structures?

The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of

Which are the principal anions in the ECF?

By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine, and releasing erythropoietin and renin, the urinary system specifically functions in

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label H represents which of the following structures?

Hypoventilation is usually the cause of

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label I represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label X represents which of the following structures?

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema. Blood tests show that his blood pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly. Explain why the blood pH is unaffected.

If the peripheral capillary beds become constricted,

When the level of potassium ions in the ECF increases,

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label U represents which of the following structures?

Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________, the second most common acid-base disorder.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Exam 18: The Urinary System

The renal ________ is the site at which the renal artery and renal nerve enter and the renal vein exits.

Which process is the vital first step essential to all kidney functions?

When one eats a high-sodium meal, why does it not raise the sodium ion concentration of body fluids?

In response to decreased levels of aldosterone, the kidneys would likely produce

With increasing age,

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the ________ kidney often sits slightly ________ than the ________ kidney.

Which of the following is a direct effect of sympathetic activation on kidney function?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label C represents which of the following structures?

The most important factor affecting the pH of body fluids is the concentration of

Which are the principal anions in the ECF?

By adjusting the volume of water lost in urine, and releasing erythropoietin and renin, the urinary system specifically functions in

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label H represents which of the following structures?

Hypoventilation is usually the cause of

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label I represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label X represents which of the following structures?

Fred suffers from chronic emphysema. Blood tests show that his blood pH is normal but his bicarbonate levels are elevated significantly. Explain why the blood pH is unaffected.

If the peripheral capillary beds become constricted,

When the level of potassium ions in the ECF increases,

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label U represents which of the following structures?

Any condition accompanied by severe kidney damage can result in ________, the second most common acid-base disorder.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters

Considering the spatial relationship of the kidneys, the kidney often sits slightly than the kidney.