Question 1

Throughout most of the distal convoluted tubule, the tubular cells

Accepted Answer

A)  actively transport urea out of the tubular fluid. 
B)  actively reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the filtrate. 
C)  reclaim 60-70% of the volume of filtrate at the glomerulus. 
D)  are impermeable both to water and to solutes. 
E)  actively transport sodium ions out of the tubular fluid. 
A)  actively transport urea out of the tubular fluid. 
B)  actively reabsorb organic nutrients, plasma proteins, and ions from the filtrate. 
C)  reclaim 60-70% of the volume of filtrate at the glomerulus. 
D)  are impermeable both to water and to solutes. 
E)  actively transport sodium ions out of the tubular fluid.

Question 2

A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  nephritis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  metabolic alkalosis. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  metabolic acidosis. 
C)  nephritis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  metabolic alkalosis.

Question 3

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration of anything small enough to pass through the filtration membrane. 
B)  absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. 
C)  secretion of acids, ammonia, and drugs. 
D)  actively pumping sodium ions and chloride ions out of the filtrate. 
E)  adjustment of urine volume in response to ADH and aldosterone. 
A)  filtration of anything small enough to pass through the filtration membrane. 
B)  absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water. 
C)  secretion of acids, ammonia, and drugs. 
D)  actively pumping sodium ions and chloride ions out of the filtrate. 
E)  adjustment of urine volume in response to ADH and aldosterone.

Question 4

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label AA represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 5

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride and potassium. 
B)  potassium and phosphate. 
C)  sodium and phosphate. 
D)  potassium and sulfate. 
E)  magnesium and bicarbonate. 
A)  chloride and potassium. 
B)  potassium and phosphate. 
C)  sodium and phosphate. 
D)  potassium and sulfate. 
E)  magnesium and bicarbonate.

Question 6

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label S represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra 
B)  ureter 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  hilum 
E)  fibrous capsule 
A)  urethra 
B)  ureter 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  hilum 
E)  fibrous capsule

Question 7

Roughly 98% of the potassium content of the body lies within which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph 
B)  cerebrospinal fluid 
C)  cytosol 
D)  serous fluids 
E)  aqueous humor 
A)  lymph 
B)  cerebrospinal fluid 
C)  cytosol 
D)  serous fluids 
E)  aqueous humor

Question 8

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label V represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 9

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label Z represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 10

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label A represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 11

Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluid 
D)  synovial fluid 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid 
A)  lymph 
B)  plasma 
C)  interstitial fluid 
D)  synovial fluid 
E)  cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

Filtration is the process in which

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of fluid from the peritubular fluid to the tubular fluid occurs. 
B)  useful organic molecules, nutrients, or water are reclaimed. 
C)  release of aldosterone and ADH is triggered. 
D)  fluid and dissolved solutes are forced out of the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  a further decrease of the plasma concentration of undesirable materials can occur. 
A)  movement of fluid from the peritubular fluid to the tubular fluid occurs. 
B)  useful organic molecules, nutrients, or water are reclaimed. 
C)  release of aldosterone and ADH is triggered. 
D)  fluid and dissolved solutes are forced out of the glomerular capillaries. 
E)  a further decrease of the plasma concentration of undesirable materials can occur.

Question 13

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label E represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus 
A)  hilum 
B)  renal pelvis 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla 
E)  renal sinus

Question 14

David's grandfather suffers from hypertension (abnormally high blood pressure). His doctor tells him that part of his problem stems from renal arteriosclerosis (characterized by abnormal thickening and hardening of the walls of the renal arteries, with resulting loss of elasticity). Why would this cause hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Renal arteriosclerosis would restrict bl

Question 15

Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal sinus. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  nephron loop. 
E)  renal corpuscle. 
A)  renal sinus. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  nephron loop. 
E)  renal corpuscle.

Question 16

The micturition reflex begins to function when

Accepted Answer

A)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons. 
B)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons. 
C)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons. 
D)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons. 
E)  the stretch receptors are initially distorted. 
A)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons. 
B)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons. 
C)  the stretch receptors have provided adequate stimulation to the parasympathetic motor neurons. 
D)  the stretch receptors have provided maximum stimulation to the sympathetic motor neurons. 
E)  the stretch receptors are initially distorted.

Question 17

If pH increases in a protein buffer system, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The amino group of the amino acid accepts an additional hydrogen ion. 
B)  Carbon dioxide is converted to carbonic acid. 
C)  The carboxyl group of the amino acid dissociates, releasing a hydrogen ion. 
D)  In solution, dihydrogen phosphate reversibly dissociates into a hydrogen ion and monohydrogen phosphate. 
E)  Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions. 
A)  The amino group of the amino acid accepts an additional hydrogen ion. 
B)  Carbon dioxide is converted to carbonic acid. 
C)  The carboxyl group of the amino acid dissociates, releasing a hydrogen ion. 
D)  In solution, dihydrogen phosphate reversibly dissociates into a hydrogen ion and monohydrogen phosphate. 
E)  Carbonic acid dissociates into hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions.

Question 18

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is one kidney deep to the liver. 
B)  The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal. 
C)  The left kidney is lower than the right. 
D)  The kidneys are in the anterior abdominal wall. 
E)  The kidneys lie in the pelvic cavity, and only their superior surfaces are covered by a layer of peritoneum. 
A)  There is one kidney deep to the liver. 
B)  The kidneys are bilateral and retroperitoneal. 
C)  The left kidney is lower than the right. 
D)  The kidneys are in the anterior abdominal wall. 
E)  The kidneys lie in the pelvic cavity, and only their superior surfaces are covered by a layer of peritoneum.

Question 19

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label T represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx 
A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal cortex 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx

Question 20

Renal columns are

Accepted Answer

A)  internal cavities of the fibrous capsule located in the area of the hilus. 
B)  the expanded ends of the ureters. 
C)  the basic functional units of the kidney. 
D)  bands of the renal cortex that extend toward the renal sinus. 
E)  conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla. 
A)  internal cavities of the fibrous capsule located in the area of the hilus. 
B)  the expanded ends of the ureters. 
C)  the basic functional units of the kidney. 
D)  bands of the renal cortex that extend toward the renal sinus. 
E)  conical-shaped structures that are located in the renal medulla.

Throughout most of the distal convoluted tubule, the tubular cells

A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label AA represents which of the following structures?

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label S represents which of the following structures?

Roughly 98% of the potassium content of the body lies within which of the following?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label V represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label Z represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label A represents which of the following structures?

Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?

Filtration is the process in which

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label E represents which of the following structures?

Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the

The micturition reflex begins to function when

If pH increases in a protein buffer system, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney(s)?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label T represents which of the following structures?

Renal columns are

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

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Exam 18: The Urinary System

Throughout most of the distal convoluted tubule, the tubular cells

A person who is suffering from bouts of repeated vomiting may risk developing a serious case of

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label AA represents which of the following structures?

Intracellular fluid contains an abundance of

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label S represents which of the following structures?

Roughly 98% of the potassium content of the body lies within which of the following?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label V represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label Z represents which of the following structures?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label A represents which of the following structures?

Which component of the ECF is the largest in both males and females?

Filtration is the process in which

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label E represents which of the following structures?

Reabsorption of glucose occurs mostly in the

The micturition reflex begins to function when

If pH increases in a protein buffer system, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Which of the following is correct about the location of the kidney(s)?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label T represents which of the following structures?

Renal columns are

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters