Question 1

Choose the correct statement regarding the extracelullar fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF).

Accepted Answer

A)  The composition of ECF and ICF is the same in males and females. 
B)  Exchange between the ICF and ECF occurs across plasma membranes by osmosis only. 
C)  The osmotic concentrations of the ICF and ECF are identical. 
D)  Minor components of the ECF include lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, and the cytosol. 
E)  The ICF has an abundance of sodium, potassium, phosphate, and chloride ions. 
A)  The composition of ECF and ICF is the same in males and females. 
B)  Exchange between the ICF and ECF occurs across plasma membranes by osmosis only. 
C)  The osmotic concentrations of the ICF and ECF are identical. 
D)  Minor components of the ECF include lymph, CSF, synovial fluid, and the cytosol. 
E)  The ICF has an abundance of sodium, potassium, phosphate, and chloride ions.

Question 2

Potassium ion secretion along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is stimulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  EPO. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  cortisol. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  EPO. 
D)  ANP. 
E)  cortisol.

Question 3

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label J represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx 
A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx

Question 4

Management of renal failure involves restriction of water, salt, and protein intake. This approach helps to lessen the strain on the urinary system by

Accepted Answer

A)  maximizing the volume of urine produced. 
B)  preventing any increase in blood plasma pH. 
C)  preventing the generation of large quantities of nitrogenous waste products. 
D)  regulating daily caloric intake. 
E)  preventing the excretion of any organic waste products. 
A)  maximizing the volume of urine produced. 
B)  preventing any increase in blood plasma pH. 
C)  preventing the generation of large quantities of nitrogenous waste products. 
D)  regulating daily caloric intake. 
E)  preventing the excretion of any organic waste products.

Question 5

The visceral epithelium, which covers the glomerular capillaries of the glomerular capsule, consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary endothelium. 
B)  lamina densa. 
C)  podocytes. 
D)  the basement membrane of the capillaries. 
E)  capsular space. 
A)  capillary endothelium. 
B)  lamina densa. 
C)  podocytes. 
D)  the basement membrane of the capillaries. 
E)  capsular space.

Question 6

Major calyces are

Accepted Answer

A)  drains that combine to form the renal pelvis. 
B)  expanded ends of nephrons. 
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D)  the site of exit for the ureter. 
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids. 
A)  drains that combine to form the renal pelvis. 
B)  expanded ends of nephrons. 
C)  basic functional layers of the kidney. 
D)  the site of exit for the ureter. 
E)  the expanded ends of renal pyramids.

Question 7

The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney: 
1) afferent arteriole
2) arcuate artery
3) interlobar artery
4) renal artery
5) glomerulus
6) cortical radiate artery
7) efferent arteriole
8) peritubular capillary
The proper order in which blood passes through these vessels is

Accepted Answer

A)  4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. 
B)  4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8. 
C)  4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. 
D)  4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. 
E)  4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8. 
A)  4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5, 7, 8. 
B)  4, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 7, 8. 
C)  4, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 1, 8. 
D)  4, 6, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 8. 
E)  4, 3, 6, 2, 1, 5, 7, 8.

Question 8

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label Q represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  nephron loop 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  proximal convoluted tubule 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 9

Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called

Accepted Answer

A)  incontinence. 
B)  metabolic generation of water. 
C)  urinalysis. 
D)  diuretic factor. 
E)  fluid shift. 
A)  incontinence. 
B)  metabolic generation of water. 
C)  urinalysis. 
D)  diuretic factor. 
E)  fluid shift.

Question 10

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine 
B)  prostate 
C)  liver 
D)  ureter 
E)  urethra 
A)  small intestine 
B)  prostate 
C)  liver 
D)  ureter 
E)  urethra

Question 11

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings
Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney
Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part.
-Label W represents which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx 
A)  renal papilla 
B)  renal columns 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  major calyx 
E)  minor calyx

Question 12

The most abundant cation in the ECF is

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  bicarbonate. 
E)  calcium. 
A)  chloride. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  bicarbonate. 
E)  calcium.

Question 13

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)  surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron. 
B)  are blood vessels that supply the renal cortex. 
C)  are the blood vessels through which blood reaches each nephron. 
D)  form the capillary network contained in the Bowman's capsule of the renal corpuscle. 
E)  are long, straight capillaries that parallel the nephron loop deep into the renal medulla. 
A)  surround the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the nephron. 
B)  are blood vessels that supply the renal cortex. 
C)  are the blood vessels through which blood reaches each nephron. 
D)  form the capillary network contained in the Bowman's capsule of the renal corpuscle. 
E)  are long, straight capillaries that parallel the nephron loop deep into the renal medulla.

Question 14

The process for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is

Accepted Answer

A)  protein buffers. 
B)  the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. 
C)  the phosphate buffer system. 
D)  changes in the rate and depth of breathing. 
E)  metabolic generation. 
A)  protein buffers. 
B)  the carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. 
C)  the phosphate buffer system. 
D)  changes in the rate and depth of breathing. 
E)  metabolic generation.

Question 15

The ion pumps sensitive to aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb potassium ions from the tubular fluid. 
B)  vasoconstrict the efferent arterioles at the nephrons. 
C)  increase the active secretion of sodium ions along the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  increase the water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
E)  reabsorb sodium ions from the tubular fluid. 
A)  reabsorb potassium ions from the tubular fluid. 
B)  vasoconstrict the efferent arterioles at the nephrons. 
C)  increase the active secretion of sodium ions along the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  increase the water permeability of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
E)  reabsorb sodium ions from the tubular fluid.

Question 16

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasma. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  the cytosol. 
D)  the interstitial spaces. 
E)  the cerebrospinal fluid. 
A)  the plasma. 
B)  lymph. 
C)  the cytosol. 
D)  the interstitial spaces. 
E)  the cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 17

The principal cation in the ICF is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  chloride. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  chloride.

Question 18

Which of the following is the characteristic treatment for respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  improve ventilation 
B)  administer bicarbonate 
C)  reduce respiratory rate, allow rise in PCO2 
D)  reduce respiratory rate, allow decrease in PCO2 
E)  administer ammonium chloride 
A)  improve ventilation 
B)  administer bicarbonate 
C)  reduce respiratory rate, allow rise in PCO2 
D)  reduce respiratory rate, allow decrease in PCO2 
E)  administer ammonium chloride

Question 19

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  papillary duct. 
E)  minor calyx. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  papillary duct. 
E)  minor calyx.

Question 20

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  simple diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  facilitated diffusion. 
E)  pinocytosis. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  simple diffusion. 
C)  active transport. 
D)  facilitated diffusion. 
E)  pinocytosis.

Choose the correct statement regarding the extracelullar fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF).

Potassium ion secretion along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is stimulated by

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label J represents which of the following structures?

Management of renal failure involves restriction of water, salt, and protein intake. This approach helps to lessen the strain on the urinary system by

The visceral epithelium, which covers the glomerular capillaries of the glomerular capsule, consists of

Major calyces are

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label Q represents which of the following structures?

Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label W represents which of the following structures?

The most abundant cation in the ECF is

The vasa recta

The process for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is

The ion pumps sensitive to aldosterone

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in

The principal cation in the ICF is

Which of the following is the characteristic treatment for respiratory acidosis?

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

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Metabolism and Energetics

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Exam 18: The Urinary System

Choose the correct statement regarding the extracelullar fluid (ECF) and the intracellular fluid (ICF).

Potassium ion secretion along the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct is stimulated by

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label J represents which of the following structures?

Management of renal failure involves restriction of water, salt, and protein intake. This approach helps to lessen the strain on the urinary system by

The visceral epithelium, which covers the glomerular capillaries of the glomerular capsule, consists of

Major calyces are

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label Q represents which of the following structures?

Water movement between the ECF and ICF is called

Which of the following transports urine from the kidney toward the bladder?

Photo Credit: Ralph T. Hutchings Figure 18-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 18-1 to identify the labeled part. -Label W represents which of the following structures?

The most abundant cation in the ECF is

The vasa recta

The process for regulating pH that plays only a supporting role in the ECF but is quite important in pH control of the ICF is

The ion pumps sensitive to aldosterone

The intracellular fluid (ICF) is found in

The principal cation in the ICF is

Which of the following is the characteristic treatment for respiratory acidosis?

ADH promotes increased water permeability of the

Water reabsorption occurs passively through the process of

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

Cell Structure and Function

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

The Skeletal System

The Muscular System

The Nervous System

The General and Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

Filters