Question 1

The condition that results when there is an increased production of human growth hormone in an adult is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome. 
B)  Addison disease. 
C)  gigantism. 
D)  dwarfism. 
E)  acromegaly. 
A)  Cushing syndrome. 
B)  Addison disease. 
C)  gigantism. 
D)  dwarfism. 
E)  acromegaly.

Question 2

What is the potential benefit for a woman to choose a mate who has a different major histocompatibility complex than themselves?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased immune response for their offspring 
B)  increased intellectual ability of the offspring 
C)  greater chance of fertility 
D)  greater chance for attracting a successful mate 
E)  increased chance of producing multiple offspring 
A)  increased immune response for their offspring 
B)  increased intellectual ability of the offspring 
C)  greater chance of fertility 
D)  greater chance for attracting a successful mate 
E)  increased chance of producing multiple offspring

Question 3

One side effect of anabolic steroids to increase muscle bulk is that the testes shrink. Since the testes also produce testosterone, what is the likely mechanism for this shrinkage?

Accepted Answer

A)  The anterior pituitary assumes overproduction and drops the level of hormones that cause the testes to develop. 
B)  Artificial testosterone causes a negative feedback to the anterior pituitary that in turn tries to stimulate ovary development. 
C)  Testosterone has a negative feedback effect directly on testes. 
D)  Artificial testosterone is toxic to testicular cells. 
E)  Excess testosterone actually backfires and reverses the effects of puberty. 
A)  The anterior pituitary assumes overproduction and drops the level of hormones that cause the testes to develop. 
B)  Artificial testosterone causes a negative feedback to the anterior pituitary that in turn tries to stimulate ovary development. 
C)  Testosterone has a negative feedback effect directly on testes. 
D)  Artificial testosterone is toxic to testicular cells. 
E)  Excess testosterone actually backfires and reverses the effects of puberty.

Question 4

Which hormone will decrease blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxin 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  cortisol 
D)  insulin 
E)  glucagons 
A)  thyroxin 
B)  aldosterone 
C)  cortisol 
D)  insulin 
E)  glucagons

Question 5

Too much urine indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  too little ADH. 
B)  too much ADH. 
C)  too little ACTH. 
D)  too much ACTH. 
E)  an imbalance between the ADH and ACTH levels. 
A)  too little ADH. 
B)  too much ADH. 
C)  too little ACTH. 
D)  too much ACTH. 
E)  an imbalance between the ADH and ACTH levels.

Question 6

A hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety is

Accepted Answer

A)  melatonin. 
B)  thymosin. 
C)  leptin. 
D)  growth hormone. 
E)  prostaglandin. 
A)  melatonin. 
B)  thymosin. 
C)  leptin. 
D)  growth hormone. 
E)  prostaglandin.

Question 7

Steroid hormones always have the same complex of four-carbon rings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland and controls blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  mineralocorticoids 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  T4 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  T3 
A)  mineralocorticoids 
B)  parathyroid hormone 
C)  T4 
D)  calcitonin 
E)  T3

Question 9

Oversecretion of thyroid hormone results in

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome. 
B)  Addison disease. 
C)  Graves disease. 
D)  a simple goiter. 
E)  acromegaly. 
A)  Cushing syndrome. 
B)  Addison disease. 
C)  Graves disease. 
D)  a simple goiter. 
E)  acromegaly.

Question 10

If a chemical agent acted to make the nuclear envelope pores impermeable to the passage of hormones, what effect would it have?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neither steroid nor peptide hormones would be effective. 
B)  Steroid hormones would continue to be effective but peptide hormones would be ineffective. 
C)  Peptide hormones would continue to be effective but steroid hormones would be ineffective. 
D)  Both steroid and peptide hormones would continue to be effective. 
E)  It would depend on the cell being affected. 
A)  Neither steroid nor peptide hormones would be effective. 
B)  Steroid hormones would continue to be effective but peptide hormones would be ineffective. 
C)  Peptide hormones would continue to be effective but steroid hormones would be ineffective. 
D)  Both steroid and peptide hormones would continue to be effective. 
E)  It would depend on the cell being affected.

Question 11

Cortisone is derived from the hormone cortisol that is released from the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal medulla. 
B)  adrenal cortex. 
C)  thyroid. 
D)  parathyroid. 
E)  posterior pituitary. 
A)  adrenal medulla. 
B)  adrenal cortex. 
C)  thyroid. 
D)  parathyroid. 
E)  posterior pituitary.

Question 12

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The production of hormones is usually controlled in what two ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive and negative feedback mechanisms 
B)  neurosecretions and endocrine gland secretions 
C)  cooperative hormones and antagonist hormones 
D)  negative feedback and other hormone actions 
E)  positive feedback and cooperative hormones 
A)  positive and negative feedback mechanisms 
B)  neurosecretions and endocrine gland secretions 
C)  cooperative hormones and antagonist hormones 
D)  negative feedback and other hormone actions 
E)  positive feedback and cooperative hormones

Question 14

Which of the following statements about T3 and T4 is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  T43 has more potent activity than T4. 
B)  They are both produced from tyrosine. 
C)  They are both considered peptide hormones. 
D)  T3 contains 3 iodine atoms while T4 contains 4 iodine atoms. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements. 
A)  T43 has more potent activity than T4. 
B)  They are both produced from tyrosine. 
C)  They are both considered peptide hormones. 
D)  T3 contains 3 iodine atoms while T4 contains 4 iodine atoms. 
E)  All of the answer choices are true statements.

Question 15

What hormones produced by the adrenal cortex regulate salt and water balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal steroids 
B)  adrenalins 
C)  glucocorticoids 
D)  thymosins 
E)  mineralocorticoids 
A)  adrenal steroids 
B)  adrenalins 
C)  glucocorticoids 
D)  thymosins 
E)  mineralocorticoids

Question 16

Which statement is correct about the role of mineralocorticoids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body, leading to an increase in the blood volume and blood pressure. 
B)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body, leading to a decrease in the blood volume and blood pressure. 
C)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body, leading to an increase in the blood volume but a decrease in blood pressure. 
D)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to an increase in the blood glucose levels. 
E)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to a decrease in the blood glucose levels. 
A)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body, leading to an increase in the blood volume and blood pressure. 
B)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body, leading to a decrease in the blood volume and blood pressure. 
C)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body, leading to an increase in the blood volume but a decrease in blood pressure. 
D)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to an increase in the blood glucose levels. 
E)  Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, leading to a decrease in the blood glucose levels.

Question 17

Which hormone stimulates the rate at which amino acids enter the cell, increasing protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin 
B)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
C)  anti-diuretic hormone 
D)  growth hormone 
E)  gonadotropic hormone 
A)  oxytocin 
B)  melanocyte-stimulating hormone 
C)  anti-diuretic hormone 
D)  growth hormone 
E)  gonadotropic hormone

Question 18

Which of the following is an effect of somatostatin?

Accepted Answer

A)  The small intestine decreases the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract. 
B)  The liver stores glucose from the blood as glycogen. 
C)  Muscle cells store glycogen and build protein. 
D)  Adipose tissue uses glucose from the blood to form fat. 
E)  Blood glucose levels drop. 
A)  The small intestine decreases the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract. 
B)  The liver stores glucose from the blood as glycogen. 
C)  Muscle cells store glycogen and build protein. 
D)  Adipose tissue uses glucose from the blood to form fat. 
E)  Blood glucose levels drop.

Question 19

Which gland produces melatonin?

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  pineal gland 
C)  adrenal gland 
D)  thyroid gland 
E)  pituitary 
A)  pancreas 
B)  pineal gland 
C)  adrenal gland 
D)  thyroid gland 
E)  pituitary

Question 20

What is the role of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  cause the bone marrow stem cells to form into different types of white blood cells 
B)  cause the bone marrow stem cells to form into different types of red blood cells 
C)  increase the number of fibroblasts 
D)  increase the number of smooth muscle cells 
E)  stimulate the healing of wounds 
A)  cause the bone marrow stem cells to form into different types of white blood cells 
B)  cause the bone marrow stem cells to form into different types of red blood cells 
C)  increase the number of fibroblasts 
D)  increase the number of smooth muscle cells 
E)  stimulate the healing of wounds

Exam 20: Endocrine System

The condition that results when there is an increased production of human growth hormone in an adult is termed

What is the potential benefit for a woman to choose a mate who has a different major histocompatibility complex than themselves?

One side effect of anabolic steroids to increase muscle bulk is that the testes shrink. Since the testes also produce testosterone, what is the likely mechanism for this shrinkage?

Which hormone will decrease blood glucose levels?

Too much urine indicates

A hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety is

Steroid hormones always have the same complex of four-carbon rings.

Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland and controls blood calcium levels?

Oversecretion of thyroid hormone results in

If a chemical agent acted to make the nuclear envelope pores impermeable to the passage of hormones, what effect would it have?

Cortisone is derived from the hormone cortisol that is released from the

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

The production of hormones is usually controlled in what two ways?

Which of the following statements about T3 and T4 is true?

What hormones produced by the adrenal cortex regulate salt and water balance?

Which statement is correct about the role of mineralocorticoids?

Which hormone stimulates the rate at which amino acids enter the cell, increasing protein synthesis?

Which of the following is an effect of somatostatin?

Which gland produces melatonin?

What is the role of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors?

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Which of the following statements about T₃ and T₄ is true?