Question 1

Absence of the parathyroid hormone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  lethargy and hair loss. 
B)  tetany. 
C)  sleepiness. 
D)  mental retardation. 
E)  cretinism. 
A)  lethargy and hair loss. 
B)  tetany. 
C)  sleepiness. 
D)  mental retardation. 
E)  cretinism.

Question 2

Which of the following is an effect of the hormone testosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  accumulation of a fat layer beneath the skin 
B)  pelvic girdle grows wider 
C)  breast development 
D)  egg maturation and menstrual cycle control 
E)  growth of hair and muscular tissue 
A)  accumulation of a fat layer beneath the skin 
B)  pelvic girdle grows wider 
C)  breast development 
D)  egg maturation and menstrual cycle control 
E)  growth of hair and muscular tissue

Question 3

What is "tetany"?

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous muscle contractions due to high blood calcium 
B)  continuous muscle contractions caused by low blood calcium 
C)  the random contractions of fibers in a muscle that keep a person upright 
D)  inability to function caused by low blood sugar due to diabetes 
E)  ultimate muscle fatigue where the oxygen debt exceeds all ATP available 
A)  continuous muscle contractions due to high blood calcium 
B)  continuous muscle contractions caused by low blood calcium 
C)  the random contractions of fibers in a muscle that keep a person upright 
D)  inability to function caused by low blood sugar due to diabetes 
E)  ultimate muscle fatigue where the oxygen debt exceeds all ATP available

Question 4

College students are notorious for having a reversed day-night schedule. They stay up all night and sleep during the day. This alteration changes what hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  melatonin 
B)  leptin 
C)  growth hormone 
D)  testosterone in males; estrogen in females 
E)  prostaglandins 
A)  melatonin 
B)  leptin 
C)  growth hormone 
D)  testosterone in males; estrogen in females 
E)  prostaglandins

Question 5

Glucagon stimulates the liver to take up glucose in order to store it as glycogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following is the pathway produced in the adrenal glands in response to long-term stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids) 
B)  hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) 
C)  anterior pituitary (ACTH) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) 
D)  adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) 
E)  adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) 
A)  hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids) 
B)  hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) 
C)  anterior pituitary (ACTH) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) 
D)  adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) 
E)  adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) → hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH)

Question 7

What are the chemical signals that act between two individuals of the same species?

Accepted Answer

A)  pheromones 
B)  first messenger 
C)  second messenger 
D)  growth factors 
E)  None of the answer choices are chemical signals that communicate between two individuals of the same species. 
A)  pheromones 
B)  first messenger 
C)  second messenger 
D)  growth factors 
E)  None of the answer choices are chemical signals that communicate between two individuals of the same species.

Question 8

Type 1 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the role of the epidermal growth factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate the healing of wounds 
B)  increase the number of fibroblasts 
C)  increase the number of smooth muscle cells 
D)  increase the chances of developing a wound 
E)  form into different types of white blood cells 
A)  stimulate the healing of wounds 
B)  increase the number of fibroblasts 
C)  increase the number of smooth muscle cells 
D)  increase the chances of developing a wound 
E)  form into different types of white blood cells

Question 10

Which body system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous system 
B)  digestive system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  circulatory system 
E)  endocrine system 
A)  nervous system 
B)  digestive system 
C)  respiratory system 
D)  circulatory system 
E)  endocrine system

Question 11

When Lauren reached the age of puberty, she did not undergo the expected changes. Today, at 17, she has still not undergone puberty. What endocrine gland could be the issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  posterior pituitary 
B)  parathyroid 
C)  thymus 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adrenal cortex 
A)  posterior pituitary 
B)  parathyroid 
C)  thymus 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adrenal cortex

Question 12

List and explain the role of the main growth factors.

Accepted Answer

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatin

Question 13

Which disease results when the adrenal cortex produces too much hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  diabetes insipidus 
B)  diabetes mellitus 
C)  Cushing syndrome 
D)  Addison disease 
E)  myxedema 
A)  diabetes insipidus 
B)  diabetes mellitus 
C)  Cushing syndrome 
D)  Addison disease 
E)  myxedema

Question 14

What is the role of the second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  to set in motion the enzyme cascade 
B)  convey information between two individuals of the same species 
C)  binds to the cell surface 
D)  to activate the third messenger 
E)  None of the answer choices are functions of the second messenger. 
A)  to set in motion the enzyme cascade 
B)  convey information between two individuals of the same species 
C)  binds to the cell surface 
D)  to activate the third messenger 
E)  None of the answer choices are functions of the second messenger.

Question 15

What is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the small intestine. 
B)  The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the stomach. 
C)  The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the large intestine. 
D)  The pancreas produces insulin that is secreted into the bloodstream. 
E)  The pancreas produces glucagon that is taken up by the liver. 
A)  The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the small intestine. 
B)  The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the stomach. 
C)  The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the large intestine. 
D)  The pancreas produces insulin that is secreted into the bloodstream. 
E)  The pancreas produces glucagon that is taken up by the liver.

Question 16

Which gland decreases in size as we age and could be responsible for a decreased immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  thymus 
B)  thyroid 
C)  parathyroid 
D)  pancreas 
E)  testes in males; ovaries in females 
A)  thymus 
B)  thyroid 
C)  parathyroid 
D)  pancreas 
E)  testes in males; ovaries in females

Question 17

Which of the following hormonal disorders is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  acromegaly-overproduction of GH in adult 
B)  pituitary dwarf-too little GH produced during childhood 
C)  Cushing syndrome-oversecretion of ACTH due to an adrenal cortex tumor 
D)  diabetes-either the pancreas produces too much insulin or liver and muscle cells have too many receptors 
E)  goiter-thyroid is unable to produce thyroxine due to too little iodine in diet 
A)  acromegaly-overproduction of GH in adult 
B)  pituitary dwarf-too little GH produced during childhood 
C)  Cushing syndrome-oversecretion of ACTH due to an adrenal cortex tumor 
D)  diabetes-either the pancreas produces too much insulin or liver and muscle cells have too many receptors 
E)  goiter-thyroid is unable to produce thyroxine due to too little iodine in diet

Question 18

Which of the following is specific to type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is caused when the pancreas is not producing insulin. 
B)  It is likely due to an environmental agent, perhaps a virus, that causes cytotoxic T cells to destroy islets. 
C)  It is treated with insulin injections and pancreatic transplants. 
D)  It is dangerous due to the risk of acidosis, coma, and death. 
E)  It is often caused by obesity. 
A)  It is caused when the pancreas is not producing insulin. 
B)  It is likely due to an environmental agent, perhaps a virus, that causes cytotoxic T cells to destroy islets. 
C)  It is treated with insulin injections and pancreatic transplants. 
D)  It is dangerous due to the risk of acidosis, coma, and death. 
E)  It is often caused by obesity.

Question 19

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin-signals satiety 
B)  platelet-derived growth factor-increases the size of platelets 
C)  nerve growth factor-promotes growth of nerves 
D)  epidermal growth factor-stimulates growth of skin 
E)  granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-helps stem cells decide on blood cell production 
A)  leptin-signals satiety 
B)  platelet-derived growth factor-increases the size of platelets 
C)  nerve growth factor-promotes growth of nerves 
D)  epidermal growth factor-stimulates growth of skin 
E)  granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-helps stem cells decide on blood cell production

Question 20

Which of the following glands and associated disorders is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex-bronzing of skin, no increase in blood glucose levels in response to stress, dehydration, and death 
B)  pineal gland-decrease in T cell immune function 
C)  parathyroid glands-drop in blood calcium level and tetany (muscles shake) 
D)  ovaries-alteration in menstrual cycle and change in secondary sex characteristics 
E)  adult thyroid-low pulse rate and body temperature and lethargy 
A)  adrenal cortex-bronzing of skin, no increase in blood glucose levels in response to stress, dehydration, and death 
B)  pineal gland-decrease in T cell immune function 
C)  parathyroid glands-drop in blood calcium level and tetany (muscles shake) 
D)  ovaries-alteration in menstrual cycle and change in secondary sex characteristics 
E)  adult thyroid-low pulse rate and body temperature and lethargy

Exam 20: Endocrine System

Absence of the parathyroid hormone causes

Which of the following is an effect of the hormone testosterone?

What is "tetany"?

College students are notorious for having a reversed day-night schedule. They stay up all night and sleep during the day. This alteration changes what hormone levels?

Glucagon stimulates the liver to take up glucose in order to store it as glycogen.

Which of the following is the pathway produced in the adrenal glands in response to long-term stress?

What are the chemical signals that act between two individuals of the same species?

Type 1 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in the United States.

What is the role of the epidermal growth factors?

Which body system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones?

When Lauren reached the age of puberty, she did not undergo the expected changes. Today, at 17, she has still not undergone puberty. What endocrine gland could be the issue?

List and explain the role of the main growth factors.

Which disease results when the adrenal cortex produces too much hormone?

What is the role of the second messenger?

What is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

Which gland decreases in size as we age and could be responsible for a decreased immune response?

Which of the following hormonal disorders is mismatched?

Which of the following is specific to type 2 diabetes?

Which of the following is mismatched?

Which of the following glands and associated disorders is mismatched?

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