Question 1

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

Accepted Answer

A) anaerobic metabolism 
B) lactic acid production 
C) fast twitch fibers 
D) fuels runner in a marathon 
E) muscle fibers split ATP rapidly 
A) anaerobic metabolism 
B) lactic acid production 
C) fast twitch fibers 
D) fuels runner in a marathon 
E) muscle fibers split ATP rapidly

Question 2

Which of the following events occurs on the postsynaptic membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine production 
B) rapid degradation of acetylcholine 
C) release of neurotransmitter 
D) neurotransmitter combines with a receptor molecule 
E) release of calcium ions 
A) acetylcholine production 
B) rapid degradation of acetylcholine 
C) release of neurotransmitter 
D) neurotransmitter combines with a receptor molecule 
E) release of calcium ions

Question 3

Muscle myofibrils

Accepted Answer

A) are found in the sarcolemma. 
B) extend from the sarcolemma to the T-tubule. 
C) contain myosin and actin myofilaments. 
D) hold muscle cells together. 
E) do not appear striated. 
A) are found in the sarcolemma. 
B) extend from the sarcolemma to the T-tubule. 
C) contain myosin and actin myofilaments. 
D) hold muscle cells together. 
E) do not appear striated.

Question 4

Complete tetanus

Accepted Answer

A) is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B) results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C) is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D) is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E) is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A) is the time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B) results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C) is the condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D) is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E) is the constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 5

What are caveolae?

Accepted Answer

A) can rapidly develop action potentials 
B) shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C) relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D) intracellular cytoskeleton 
E) enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin 
A) can rapidly develop action potentials 
B) shallow invaginations of cell membrane 
C) relatively constant tension maintained for a period of time 
D) intracellular cytoskeleton 
E) enzyme that removes phosphate from myosin

Question 6

Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

A) contraction of the heart 
B) moving your feet in walking 
C) movement of food through the digestive tract 
D) emptying of the urinary bladder 
E) vasoconstriction 
A) contraction of the heart 
B) moving your feet in walking 
C) movement of food through the digestive tract 
D) emptying of the urinary bladder 
E) vasoconstriction

Question 7

Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic terminal by the process of

Accepted Answer

A) exocytosis. 
B) diffusion. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) active transport. 
E) endocytosis. 
A) exocytosis. 
B) diffusion. 
C) phagocytosis. 
D) active transport. 
E) endocytosis.

Question 8

Muscle tone

Accepted Answer

A) is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B) results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C) is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D) is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E) is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time. 
A) is a time during which the tissue cannot respond again. 
B) results in complete and incomplete tetanus. 
C) is a condition in which the muscle fiber only partially relaxes between contractions. 
D) is a condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are no intervening relaxations. 
E) is a constant tension produced by muscles for long periods of time.

Question 9

During the contraction phase of a muscle twitch,

Accepted Answer

A) acetylcholine stimulates the pre-synaptic terminal. 
B) sodium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber. 
C) actin-myosin cross-bridges form. 
D) calcium ions are transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E) the action potential travels down the T tubule. 
A) acetylcholine stimulates the pre-synaptic terminal. 
B) sodium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber. 
C) actin-myosin cross-bridges form. 
D) calcium ions are transported back to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
E) the action potential travels down the T tubule.

Question 10

Which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm?

Accepted Answer

A) skeletal muscle 
B) smooth muscle 
C) cardiac muscle 
A) skeletal muscle 
B) smooth muscle 
C) cardiac muscle

Question 11

Which of the following structures contains the other four items listed?

Accepted Answer

A) postsynaptic membrane 
B) presynaptic terminal 
C) synaptic cleft 
D) neuromuscular junction 
E) receptors on postsynaptic membrane 
A) postsynaptic membrane 
B) presynaptic terminal 
C) synaptic cleft 
D) neuromuscular junction 
E) receptors on postsynaptic membrane

Question 12

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

Accepted Answer

A) sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B) actin myofilaments. 
C) Z disks. 
D) T tubules. 
E) myosin myofilaments. 
A) sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B) actin myofilaments. 
C) Z disks. 
D) T tubules. 
E) myosin myofilaments.

Question 13

Aerobic respiration

Accepted Answer

A) produces ATP molecules faster than anaerobic respiration. 
B) yields as many as 36 ATP per glucose molecule metabolized. 
C) occurs whether oxygen is present or not. 
D) occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. 
E) occurs in the ribosomes. 
A) produces ATP molecules faster than anaerobic respiration. 
B) yields as many as 36 ATP per glucose molecule metabolized. 
C) occurs whether oxygen is present or not. 
D) occurs entirely in the cytoplasm. 
E) occurs in the ribosomes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning types of muscle contractions is false?

Accepted Answer

A) In isometric contractions,the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant. 
B) In isotonic contractions,the muscle fibers shorten. 
C) The contractile processes in isometric and isotonic contractions are the same. 
D) Most skeletal muscle contractions are a combination of isometric and isotonic contractions. 
E) In isotonic contractions,the amount of tension produced by the muscle fibers is constant during the contraction. 
A) In isometric contractions,the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant. 
B) In isotonic contractions,the muscle fibers shorten. 
C) The contractile processes in isometric and isotonic contractions are the same. 
D) Most skeletal muscle contractions are a combination of isometric and isotonic contractions. 
E) In isotonic contractions,the amount of tension produced by the muscle fibers is constant during the contraction.

Question 15

A child ingested an organophosphate poison used to kill insects.Soon the child's muscles began spastic contractions.Predict what occurred at the synaptic cleft.

Accepted Answer

A) decreased release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons 
B) increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse 
C) the poison binds to acetylcholine receptors and stimulates them 
D) increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft 
E) Both increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse and increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. 
A) decreased release of acetylcholine from presynaptic neurons 
B) increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse 
C) the poison binds to acetylcholine receptors and stimulates them 
D) increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft 
E) Both increased accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse and increased breakdown of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft.

Question 16

An eccentric contraction is described as

Accepted Answer

A) action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B) a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C) a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D) a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E) a muscle produces tension,but the length of the muscle is increasing. 
A) action potential frequency is high enough that no relaxation of muscle fibers occurs. 
B) a muscle produces constant tension during contraction. 
C) a muscle produces an increasing tension during contraction. 
D) a muscle produces increasing tension as it shortens. 
E) a muscle produces tension,but the length of the muscle is increasing.

Question 17

Which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others?

Accepted Answer

A) perimysium 
B) endomysium 
C) epimysium 
D) paramysium 
E) sarcolemma 
A) perimysium 
B) endomysium 
C) epimysium 
D) paramysium 
E) sarcolemma

Question 18

Movements of the body are usually smooth and occur at differing rates because

Accepted Answer

A) they are a mixture of isotonic and isometric contractions. 
B) motor units contract out of phase at their own particular rates. 
C) most muscle contractions closely resemble individual muscle twitches. 
D) muscles of different sizes contract at different rates. 
E) of the all or none principle. 
A) they are a mixture of isotonic and isometric contractions. 
B) motor units contract out of phase at their own particular rates. 
C) most muscle contractions closely resemble individual muscle twitches. 
D) muscles of different sizes contract at different rates. 
E) of the all or none principle.

Question 19

A myofibril is the

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B) cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C) structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D) contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E) protein strand composed of actin. 
A) cell membrane of a muscle fiber. 
B) cytoplasm of muscle cells. 
C) structural and functional unit of the skeletal muscle cell. 
D) contractile thread that extends the length of the muscle fiber. 
E) protein strand composed of actin.

Question 20

What is the power stroke?

Accepted Answer

A) a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B) a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C) the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D) the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E) after exercise,the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism 
A) a protein found along the groove of the F-actin double helix 
B) a T tubule and two adjacent terminal cisternae 
C) the combination of myosin heads with active sites on actin molecules 
D) the movement of myosin head while attached to actin myofilament 
E) after exercise,the oxygen taken in that exceeds the oxygen required for resting metabolism

Exam 9: Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Consider the following four phrases and select the one that does not belong with the others.

Which of the following events occurs on the postsynaptic membrane?

Muscle myofibrils

Complete tetanus

What are caveolae?

Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle?

Acetylcholine is released from the presynaptic terminal by the process of

Muscle tone

During the contraction phase of a muscle twitch,

Which type of muscle tissue would cause flexion and extension of the arm?

Which of the following structures contains the other four items listed?

The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the

Aerobic respiration

Which of the following statements concerning types of muscle contractions is false?

A child ingested an organophosphate poison used to kill insects.Soon the child's muscles began spastic contractions.Predict what occurred at the synaptic cleft.

An eccentric contraction is described as

Which of the following connective tissue layers is outside all the others?

Movements of the body are usually smooth and occur at differing rates because

A myofibril is the

What is the power stroke?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

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