Question 1

Which of the following is determined by sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acid 
B)  peptide bond 
C)  primary structure of protein 
D)  secondary structure of protein 
E)  denaturation 
A)  amino acid 
B)  peptide bond 
C)  primary structure of protein 
D)  secondary structure of protein 
E)  denaturation

Question 2

Kinetic energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
D)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
E)  energy that moves in waves. 
A)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
D)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
E)  energy that moves in waves.

Question 3

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic bonds. 
B)  peptide bonds. 
C)  savings bonds. 
D)  polar covalent bonds. 
E)  nonpolar bonds. 
A)  ionic bonds. 
B)  peptide bonds. 
C)  savings bonds. 
D)  polar covalent bonds. 
E)  nonpolar bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  triglyceride 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  animal fat 
E)  sucrose 
A)  triglyceride 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  cholesterol 
D)  animal fat 
E)  sucrose

Question 5

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A)  nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current. 
B)  molecules 
C)  electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current. 
D)  nonelectrolytes and solutes. 
E)  molecules and electrolytes. 
A)  nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current. 
B)  molecules 
C)  electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current. 
D)  nonelectrolytes and solutes. 
E)  molecules and electrolytes.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a proton?

Accepted Answer

A)  one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals 
B)  no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus 
C)  one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus 
D)  subatomic particle with no electric charge 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  one negative charge, no mass, found in orbitals 
B)  no charge, mass of one, found in nucleus 
C)  one positive charge, mass of one, found in nucleus 
D)  subatomic particle with no electric charge 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 7

The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  electron. 
B)  atom. 
C)  chemical bond. 
D)  orbital. 
E)  proton. 
A)  electron. 
B)  atom. 
C)  chemical bond. 
D)  orbital. 
E)  proton.

Question 8

The molecular formula H2O means

Accepted Answer

A)  1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms. 
B)  1 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen atom. 
C)  2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. 
D)  2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  1 hydrogen atom and 2 oxygen atoms. 
B)  1 hydrogen atom and 1 oxygen atom. 
C)  2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. 
D)  2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 9

Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,

Accepted Answer

A)  an imbalance called alkalosis results. 
B)  nothing happens as this is an acceptable deviation. 
C)  an imbalance called acidosis results. 
D)  the blood becomes saltier. 
E)  the number of red blood cells decreases. 
A)  an imbalance called alkalosis results. 
B)  nothing happens as this is an acceptable deviation. 
C)  an imbalance called acidosis results. 
D)  the blood becomes saltier. 
E)  the number of red blood cells decreases.

Question 10

Glucose is the

Accepted Answer

A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  sugar found in RNA. 
A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  sugar found in RNA.

Question 11

A neutral atom contains

Accepted Answer

A)  more protons than electrons. 
B)  more electrons than protons. 
C)  the same number of electrons and protons. 
D)  only neutrons. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  more protons than electrons. 
B)  more electrons than protons. 
C)  the same number of electrons and protons. 
D)  only neutrons. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 12

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen. 
B)  starch. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  RNA. 
E)  ATP. 
A)  glycogen. 
B)  starch. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  RNA. 
E)  ATP.

Question 13

What molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  carbon monoxide 
E)  nitrogen 
A)  water 
B)  oxygen 
C)  carbon dioxide 
D)  carbon monoxide 
E)  nitrogen

Question 14

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine--a nitrogen base 
B)  glucose--a monosaccharide 
C)  cholesterol--a steroid 
D)  calcium ions 
E)  ATP 
A)  adenine--a nitrogen base 
B)  glucose--a monosaccharide 
C)  cholesterol--a steroid 
D)  calcium ions 
E)  ATP

Question 15

Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the synthesis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP + H2O $\rightarrow$ ADP + Pi + energy 
B)  ADP + Pi + energy $\rightarrow$ ATP + H2O 
C)  ADP + ADP + ADP $\rightarrow$ATP + energy 
D)  ATP + energy $\rightarrow$ ADP + H2O 
E)  ATP + ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP 
A)  ATP + H2O $\rightarrow$ ADP + Pi + energy 
B)  ADP + Pi + energy $\rightarrow$ ATP + H2O 
C)  ADP + ADP + ADP $\rightarrow$ATP + energy 
D)  ATP + energy $\rightarrow$ ADP + H2O 
E)  ATP + ADP $\rightarrow$ ATP

Question 16

What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino bond 
B)  peptide bond 
C)  primary bond 
D)  hydrogen bond 
E)  electrovalent bond 
A)  amino bond 
B)  peptide bond 
C)  primary bond 
D)  hydrogen bond 
E)  electrovalent bond

Question 17

Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen, glucose, sucrose 
B)  starch, glycogen, cellulose 
C)  glucose, fructose, galactose 
D)  ribose, glycogen, glucose 
E)  deoxyribose, glycogen, starch 
A)  glycogen, glucose, sucrose 
B)  starch, glycogen, cellulose 
C)  glucose, fructose, galactose 
D)  ribose, glycogen, glucose 
E)  deoxyribose, glycogen, starch

Question 18

Which of the following organic groups does lactose belong to?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrate 
B)  protein 
C)  lipid 
D)  nucleic acid 
E)  vitamin 
A)  carbohydrate 
B)  protein 
C)  lipid 
D)  nucleic acid 
E)  vitamin

Question 19

A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  compound. 
B)  element. 
C)  ion. 
D)  molecule. 
E)  compound and a molecule. 
A)  compound. 
B)  element. 
C)  ion. 
D)  molecule. 
E)  compound and a molecule.

Question 20

Lipids

Accepted Answer

A)  are subunits of carbohydrates. 
B)  serve as buffers. 
C)  are an important component of cell membranes. 
D)  tend to be water soluble. 
E)  are polarized. 
A)  are subunits of carbohydrates. 
B)  serve as buffers. 
C)  are an important component of cell membranes. 
D)  tend to be water soluble. 
E)  are polarized.

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

Which of the following is determined by sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds?

Kinetic energy is

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Which of the following best describes a proton?

The smallest particle of an element that still exhibits the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)

The molecular formula H2O means

Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,

Glucose is the

A neutral atom contains

Deoxyribose is a sugar found in

What molecule is produced as a waste product of the metabolism of glucose by cells?

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the synthesis of ATP?

What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis?

Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another?

Which of the following organic groups does lactose belong to?

A substance composed of two or more different types of atoms is a(n)

Lipids

The Human Organism

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolytes, and Acidbase Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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The molecular formula H₂O means