Question 1

A sample is representative if

Accepted Answer

A)  only volunteer subjects are used. 
B)  it is as different from the population as possible. 
C)  all subjects are chosen from a single, unusual segment of the population. 
D)  its composition is similar to the composition of the population. 
A)  only volunteer subjects are used. 
B)  it is as different from the population as possible. 
C)  all subjects are chosen from a single, unusual segment of the population. 
D)  its composition is similar to the composition of the population.

Question 2

Imagine that the personality traits of conscientiousness and extroversion are negatively correlated. If Wilfred's score in conscientiousness is extremely low

Accepted Answer

A)  he would probably score close to the median on the extroversion scale. 
B)  he would most likely score at the high end of the extroversion scale. 
C)  he would most likely score at the low end of the extroversion scale. 
D)  it is impossible to predict how he is likely to score on the extroversion scale without more information. 
A)  he would probably score close to the median on the extroversion scale. 
B)  he would most likely score at the high end of the extroversion scale. 
C)  he would most likely score at the low end of the extroversion scale. 
D)  it is impossible to predict how he is likely to score on the extroversion scale without more information.

Question 3

Bill received a poor performance evaluation in his job last year. Since then Bill has started working through his lunch hour, he has taken on four special projects, and enrolled in night classes to upgrade his computer skills. If Bill receives a better evaluation at his next performance it will be hard for him to figure out why because

Accepted Answer

A)  he failed to use a double-blind procedure to test his hypothesis. 
B)  he didn't formulate a research hypothesis before implementing the changes. 
C)  none of the actions he took are likely to be related to his overall job performance. 
D)  the three actions he took are confounded with each other. 
A)  he failed to use a double-blind procedure to test his hypothesis. 
B)  he didn't formulate a research hypothesis before implementing the changes. 
C)  none of the actions he took are likely to be related to his overall job performance. 
D)  the three actions he took are confounded with each other.

Question 4

The use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical information is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  calculus. 
B)  functional analysis. 
C)  statistics. 
D)  algebra. 
A)  calculus. 
B)  functional analysis. 
C)  statistics. 
D)  algebra.

Question 5

Jolyn believed that there were gender differences in driving habits. To test this assumption she stood near a quiet intersection. Jolyn recorded the gender of each driver who approached a stop sign, and also whether the individual came to a complete stop before proceeding into the intersection. Jolyn is conducting

Accepted Answer

A)  an experiment with two dependent variables. 
B)  case study research. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  psychological testing. 
A)  an experiment with two dependent variables. 
B)  case study research. 
C)  naturalistic observation. 
D)  psychological testing.

Question 6

The Featured Study on "The Emotional Fallout of Expected and Unexpected Outcomes" BEST relates to the text's unifying theme

Accepted Answer

A)  psychology is theoretically diverse. 
B)  people's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
C)  behavior is shaped by cultural heritage. 
D)  psychology is empirical. 
A)  psychology is theoretically diverse. 
B)  people's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
C)  behavior is shaped by cultural heritage. 
D)  psychology is empirical.

Question 7

Dr. Dobbins wants to study attachment patterns in single-parent families. The first step in her scientific investigation would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  design the study and select the research method. 
B)  analyze the data. 
C)  formulate a testable hypothesis. 
D)  collect the data. 
A)  design the study and select the research method. 
B)  analyze the data. 
C)  formulate a testable hypothesis. 
D)  collect the data.

Question 8

If we view an experiment as an attempt to establish a cause-effect relationship, the ____ variable would be the cause, and the ____ variable would be the effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  independent; confounded 
A)  dependent; independent 
B)  independent; dependent 
C)  control; experimental 
D)  independent; confounded

Question 9

In compiling case studies clinicians and researchers often focus on information that is consistent with their own theoretical slant. As a result, case studies tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  be the most accurate records available for the majority of psychological disorders. 
B)  lack enough detail to provide any useful insights to other psychologists. 
C)  be highly subjective. 
D)  have too many dependent variables. 
A)  be the most accurate records available for the majority of psychological disorders. 
B)  lack enough detail to provide any useful insights to other psychologists. 
C)  be highly subjective. 
D)  have too many dependent variables.

Question 10

The tendency for participants to participate in survey research appears to have

Accepted Answer

A)  increased noticeably in recent decades. 
B)  increased for mail surveys but decreased for phone surveys. 
C)  remained relatively constant since the early 1950s. 
D)  declined noticeably in recent decades. 
A)  increased noticeably in recent decades. 
B)  increased for mail surveys but decreased for phone surveys. 
C)  remained relatively constant since the early 1950s. 
D)  declined noticeably in recent decades.

Question 11

In experimental research, subjects that receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable are the

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental group. 
B)  control group. 
C)  observational group. 
D)  correlational group. 
A)  experimental group. 
B)  control group. 
C)  observational group. 
D)  correlational group.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a variation that the experimental method can use?

Accepted Answer

A)  use one group of subjects who serve as both the experimental group and as their own control 
B)  use an experimental group only and have no control group 
C)  manipulate more than one independent variable 
D)  measure more than one dependent variable 
A)  use one group of subjects who serve as both the experimental group and as their own control 
B)  use an experimental group only and have no control group 
C)  manipulate more than one independent variable 
D)  measure more than one dependent variable

Question 13

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

Accepted Answer

A)  systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them. 
B)  manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether there are changes in a second variable as a result. 
C)  exposes subjects to two closely related treatment conditions. 
D)  simultaneously manipulates two or more independent variables. 
A)  systematically observes two variables to see whether there is an association between them. 
B)  manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether there are changes in a second variable as a result. 
C)  exposes subjects to two closely related treatment conditions. 
D)  simultaneously manipulates two or more independent variables.

Question 14

Perhaps the greatest advantage associated with descriptive research methods is

Accepted Answer

A)  a sensitivity to ethical concerns. 
B)  the isolation of cause and effect linkages in behavior. 
C)  the ability to focus on specific, isolated behaviors. 
D)  the ability to explore questions that cannot be examined using experimental procedures. 
A)  a sensitivity to ethical concerns. 
B)  the isolation of cause and effect linkages in behavior. 
C)  the ability to focus on specific, isolated behaviors. 
D)  the ability to explore questions that cannot be examined using experimental procedures.

Question 15

A researcher is investigating the effect of high room temperature on aggressive behavior in preschoolers. Half of the children are in a classroom where the temperature is a warm 88 degrees and half are in a classroom where the temperature is a normal 77 degrees. The researcher measures the number of hitting incidents that occur in each classroom. In this study the children in the normal temperature classroom are the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary group. 
B)  secondary group. 
C)  experimental group. 
D)  control group. 
A)  primary group. 
B)  secondary group. 
C)  experimental group. 
D)  control group.

Question 16

Psychologists use a variety of data collection techniques; which of the following is well suited for studying attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  questionnaires 
B)  direct observations 
C)  psychological tests 
D)  physiological recordings 
A)  questionnaires 
B)  direct observations 
C)  psychological tests 
D)  physiological recordings

Question 17

Which research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?

Accepted Answer

A)  an experiment 
B)  a case study 
C)  a survey 
D)  a naturalistic observation 
A)  an experiment 
B)  a case study 
C)  a survey 
D)  a naturalistic observation

Question 18

The research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result is the

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific method. 
B)  correlational method. 
C)  descriptive method. 
D)  experimental method. 
A)  scientific method. 
B)  correlational method. 
C)  descriptive method. 
D)  experimental method.

Question 19

The measure of central tendency that is MOST sensitive to (or most influenced by) extreme scores in a distribution is the

Accepted Answer

A)  standard deviation. 
B)  mean. 
C)  median. 
D)  mode. 
A)  standard deviation. 
B)  mean. 
C)  median. 
D)  mode.

Question 20

A correlation coefficient of zero describes

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive relationship between two variables. 
B)  a negative relationship between two variables. 
C)  the lack of a relationship between two variables. 
D)  a perfect relationship between two variables. 
A)  a positive relationship between two variables. 
B)  a negative relationship between two variables. 
C)  the lack of a relationship between two variables. 
D)  a perfect relationship between two variables.

Exam 3: The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

A sample is representative if

Imagine that the personality traits of conscientiousness and extroversion are negatively correlated. If Wilfred's score in conscientiousness is extremely low

The use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical information is referred to as

The Featured Study on "The Emotional Fallout of Expected and Unexpected Outcomes" BEST relates to the text's unifying theme

Dr. Dobbins wants to study attachment patterns in single-parent families. The first step in her scientific investigation would be to

If we view an experiment as an attempt to establish a cause-effect relationship, the ____ variable would be the cause, and the ____ variable would be the effect.

In compiling case studies clinicians and researchers often focus on information that is consistent with their own theoretical slant. As a result, case studies tend to

The tendency for participants to participate in survey research appears to have

In experimental research, subjects that receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable are the

Which of the following is NOT a variation that the experimental method can use?

In descriptive/correlational research, the investigator

Perhaps the greatest advantage associated with descriptive research methods is

Psychologists use a variety of data collection techniques; which of the following is well suited for studying attitudes?

Which research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?

The research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result is the

The measure of central tendency that is MOST sensitive to (or most influenced by) extreme scores in a distribution is the

A correlation coefficient of zero describes

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

Filters

If we view an experiment as an attempt to establish a cause-effect relationship, the variable would be the cause, and the variable would be the effect.