Question 1

Which set of concepts is NOT a closely related set?

Accepted Answer

A)  mean, median, mode 
B)  method, results, discussion 
C)  experiment, independent variable, control group 
D)  correlation, sample, journal 
A)  mean, median, mode 
B)  method, results, discussion 
C)  experiment, independent variable, control group 
D)  correlation, sample, journal

Question 2

The first step in a research study is the formulation of a(n) ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in a research study...

Question 3

List and describe the six ethical principles and code of conduct for psychologists.

Accepted Answer

The APA ethical guidelines are meant to

Question 4

In psychology, most journal articles

Accepted Answer

A)  are reports that describe original, empirical studies. 
B)  summarize and reconcile the findings from a large number of studies on a specific issue. 
C)  propose new theories that are intended to stimulate research. 
D)  describe and evaluate new treatment methods for psychological disorders. 
A)  are reports that describe original, empirical studies. 
B)  summarize and reconcile the findings from a large number of studies on a specific issue. 
C)  propose new theories that are intended to stimulate research. 
D)  describe and evaluate new treatment methods for psychological disorders.

Question 5

The reference list at the end of a research article lists

Accepted Answer

A)  bibliographic information for all the previous research studies on the same topic. 
B)  bibliographic information for all the previous research studies by the same author. 
C)  bibliographic information for any studies referred to in the article. 
D)  the author's phone number, address, and web site. 
A)  bibliographic information for all the previous research studies on the same topic. 
B)  bibliographic information for all the previous research studies by the same author. 
C)  bibliographic information for any studies referred to in the article. 
D)  the author's phone number, address, and web site.

Question 6

A researcher is conducting an experiment on the effect of alcohol consumption on reaction time and half of the subjects drink alcoholic drinks and half drink non-alcoholic versions of the same drinks. The subjects receiving the non-alcoholic drinks are the ____ group and are used in the study to minimize the influence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental; sampling bias 
B)  experimental; the placebo effect 
C)  control; sampling bias 
D)  control; the placebo effect 
A)  experimental; sampling bias 
B)  experimental; the placebo effect 
C)  control; sampling bias 
D)  control; the placebo effect

Question 7

In looking through some medical records you find that there is a strong relationship between depression and chronic pain: the stronger the physical pain that people report, the higher their scores on an inventory that measures depression. Which of the following conclusions are justified?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depression tends to produce chronic pain. 
B)  Chronic pain tends to produce depression. 
C)  Both chronic pain and depression result from some unknown third factor. 
D)  any of these statements could be true 
A)  Depression tends to produce chronic pain. 
B)  Chronic pain tends to produce depression. 
C)  Both chronic pain and depression result from some unknown third factor. 
D)  any of these statements could be true

Question 8

Experimenter bias occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenters explicitly instruct the subjects to behave in a way that will be consistent with the hypothesis. 
B)  experimenters desire to make a favorable impression on their subjects. 
C)  experimenters' beliefs in their own hypotheses affect either the subjects' behavior or their observations of the subjects. 
D)  experimenters conduct their studies in a completely objective manner. 
A)  experimenters explicitly instruct the subjects to behave in a way that will be consistent with the hypothesis. 
B)  experimenters desire to make a favorable impression on their subjects. 
C)  experimenters' beliefs in their own hypotheses affect either the subjects' behavior or their observations of the subjects. 
D)  experimenters conduct their studies in a completely objective manner.

Question 9

The tendency to respond to questions in a manner unrelated to the content of a question is called

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive confabulation. 
B)  response set. 
C)  counter confound. 
D)  counter placebo effect. 
A)  cognitive confabulation. 
B)  response set. 
C)  counter confound. 
D)  counter placebo effect.

Question 10

A(n) ____________________ is a concise, 75-175 word summary of a research study that describes the hypotheses, methods, results, and conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) ____________________ is a concise, 75-175 word...

Question 11

Compared to the samples typically used in laboratory research, studies conducted over the Internet often produce samples that are

Accepted Answer

A)  much smaller and much less diverse. 
B)  much smaller but much more diverse. 
C)  much larger but much less diverse. 
D)  much larger and much more diverse. 
A)  much smaller and much less diverse. 
B)  much smaller but much more diverse. 
C)  much larger but much less diverse. 
D)  much larger and much more diverse.

Question 12

The most common types of psychological research conducted over the Internet are

Accepted Answer

A)  experiments and surveys. 
B)  surveys and case studies. 
C)  case studies and naturalistic observation. 
D)  naturalistic observation and experiments. 
A)  experiments and surveys. 
B)  surveys and case studies. 
C)  case studies and naturalistic observation. 
D)  naturalistic observation and experiments.

Question 13

A person explains his opinion against buying a certain model of car by noting that even though the model is popular and highly rated by numerous organizations, his cousin has that model and has had a lot of problems. It is MOST accurate to state that the person was

Accepted Answer

A)  using the evidence-based decision-making procedure. 
B)  using critical thinking skills to reach an opinion. 
C)  basing his opinion on anecdotal evidence. 
D)  basing his opinion on firsthand information. 
A)  using the evidence-based decision-making procedure. 
B)  using critical thinking skills to reach an opinion. 
C)  basing his opinion on anecdotal evidence. 
D)  basing his opinion on firsthand information.

Question 14

Zigfried Rosenblat, Jr. took part in a study on sexual deviance last year. He was somewhat dismayed when he read an article in a weekly journal discussing sexual deviance in which one patient was referred to as ZRJ. Although the article claimed all names had been disguised to protect personal identities, Zigfried is convinced he is the individual described in the article. In this case, it is possible that the researchers who conducted the study violated the ethical principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent. 
B)  right to privacy. 
C)  full disclosure. 
D)  adequate debriefing. 
A)  informed consent. 
B)  right to privacy. 
C)  full disclosure. 
D)  adequate debriefing.

Question 15

Deception is used in some research in order to

Accepted Answer

A)  help control for placebo effects. 
B)  help aid in double-blind procedures. 
C)  prevent socially desirable responding. 
D)  encourage socially desirable responding. 
A)  help control for placebo effects. 
B)  help aid in double-blind procedures. 
C)  prevent socially desirable responding. 
D)  encourage socially desirable responding.

Question 16

The abstract of a journal article provides

Accepted Answer

A)  a concise summary of the entire article. 
B)  an overview of the research problem, relevant theories, and previous research. 
C)  a description of the research methods used in the study. 
D)  a concise summary of the raw data and statistical analyses. 
A)  a concise summary of the entire article. 
B)  an overview of the research problem, relevant theories, and previous research. 
C)  a description of the research methods used in the study. 
D)  a concise summary of the raw data and statistical analyses.

Question 17

One method to control for experimenter bias effects in research is to use

Accepted Answer

A)  a socially desirable procedure. 
B)  reverse control groups. 
C)  a double-blind procedure. 
D)  a non-representative sample. 
A)  a socially desirable procedure. 
B)  reverse control groups. 
C)  a double-blind procedure. 
D)  a non-representative sample.

Question 18

The various methods and procedures used in conducting psychological research and evaluating the research of other psychologists are consistent with which unifying theme in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychology is empirical 
B)  psychology is theoretically diverse 
C)  our behavior is determined by multiple causes 
D)  our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage 
A)  psychology is empirical 
B)  psychology is theoretically diverse 
C)  our behavior is determined by multiple causes 
D)  our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage

Question 19

Which type of error is the research study by Rosenthal and Fode described in the text book is used to illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the placebo effect 
B)  double-blind research studies 
C)  confounded dependent variables 
D)  experimenter bias 
A)  the placebo effect 
B)  double-blind research studies 
C)  confounded dependent variables 
D)  experimenter bias

Question 20

In an investigation of the effects of caffeine on concentration, half the participants were given regular colas which contained caffeine and half were given decaffeinated colas. In this study, the decaffeinated colas are being used as

Accepted Answer

A)  a confounding variable. 
B)  a random factor. 
C)  the dependent variable. 
D)  a placebo. 
A)  a confounding variable. 
B)  a random factor. 
C)  the dependent variable. 
D)  a placebo.

Exam 4: The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

Which set of concepts is NOT a closely related set?

The first step in a research study is the formulation of a(n) ____________________.

List and describe the six ethical principles and code of conduct for psychologists.

In psychology, most journal articles

The reference list at the end of a research article lists

In looking through some medical records you find that there is a strong relationship between depression and chronic pain: the stronger the physical pain that people report, the higher their scores on an inventory that measures depression. Which of the following conclusions are justified?

Experimenter bias occurs when

The tendency to respond to questions in a manner unrelated to the content of a question is called

A(n) ____________________ is a concise, 75-175 word summary of a research study that describes the hypotheses, methods, results, and conclusion.

Compared to the samples typically used in laboratory research, studies conducted over the Internet often produce samples that are

The most common types of psychological research conducted over the Internet are

A person explains his opinion against buying a certain model of car by noting that even though the model is popular and highly rated by numerous organizations, his cousin has that model and has had a lot of problems. It is MOST accurate to state that the person was

Deception is used in some research in order to

The abstract of a journal article provides

One method to control for experimenter bias effects in research is to use

The various methods and procedures used in conducting psychological research and evaluating the research of other psychologists are consistent with which unifying theme in psychology?

Which type of error is the research study by Rosenthal and Fode described in the text book is used to illustrate?

In an investigation of the effects of caffeine on concentration, half the participants were given regular colas which contained caffeine and half were given decaffeinated colas. In this study, the decaffeinated colas are being used as

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

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