Question 1

Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that people frequently make

Accepted Answer

A)  rational decisions that are less than optimal. 
B)  irrational decisions that are less than optimal. 
C)  rational decisions that are optimal. 
D)  irrational decisions that are optimal. 
A)  rational decisions that are less than optimal. 
B)  irrational decisions that are less than optimal. 
C)  rational decisions that are optimal. 
D)  irrational decisions that are optimal.

Question 2

Evolutionary theorists argue that if decision problems were stated in terms of raw frequencies, then

Accepted Answer

A)  base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both disappear. 
B)  base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both become more pronounced. 
C)  base rate neglect would disappear, but the conjunction fallacy would become more pronounced. 
D)  base rate neglect would become more pronounced, but the conjunction fallacy would disappear. 
A)  base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both disappear. 
B)  base rate neglect and the conjunction fallacy would both become more pronounced. 
C)  base rate neglect would disappear, but the conjunction fallacy would become more pronounced. 
D)  base rate neglect would become more pronounced, but the conjunction fallacy would disappear.

Question 3

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is most consistent with the unifying theme in psychology that

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. 
B)  behavior is shaped by cultural heritage. 
C)  people's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
D)  psychology is empirical. 
A)  heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. 
B)  behavior is shaped by cultural heritage. 
C)  people's experience of the world is highly subjective. 
D)  psychology is empirical.

Question 4

If the mayor of your town suggests that only uninformed citizens will not support a proposed tax increase to upgrade city parks, the mayor would be using

Accepted Answer

A)  anticipatory semantic slanting. 
B)  semantic slanting. 
C)  anticipatory name calling. 
D)  name calling. 
A)  anticipatory semantic slanting. 
B)  semantic slanting. 
C)  anticipatory name calling. 
D)  name calling.

Question 5

Mental shortcuts used to help people in estimating probabilities include the availability and representativeness heuristics and can lead people to estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater then the odds of either event happening alone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following heuristics would you probably employ if assigned the task of carrying out a school election?

Accepted Answer

A)  work backwards 
B)  representativeness 
C)  search for analogies 
D)  form subgoals 
A)  work backwards 
B)  representativeness 
C)  search for analogies 
D)  form subgoals

Question 7

Assume that odds of a new computer requiring any type of service in the first two years are less than 1 in 10,000, and the average cost of any computer service calls is only $120. However, Karen pays $300 for a 2-year service contract on her new computer. She explains that her peace of mind is well worth the cost of the contract. In this case, Karen's decision to purchase the service agreement appears to be based primarily on

Accepted Answer

A)  expected value. 
B)  subjective utility. 
C)  subjective probability. 
D)  noncompensatory factors. 
A)  expected value. 
B)  subjective utility. 
C)  subjective probability. 
D)  noncompensatory factors.

Question 8

Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001) have argued that people in different cultures display different cognitive styles; people from East Asian cultures tend to display a(n) ____________________ cognitive style whereas people from Western cultures exhibit a(n) ____________________ cognitive style.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard Nisbett and his colleagues (2001) have...

Question 9

What are the steps that you would go through to solve the problem of finding the best Chinese restaurant in your new town?

Accepted Answer

The answer to this question could vary.

Question 10

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Accepted Answer

Children often make under- and overexten

Question 11

Subjective utility refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the expected value of an outcome. 
B)  what an outcome is personally worth to an individual. 
C)  a personal estimate of what the probability of an outcome is. 
D)  an individual's willingness to take risks. 
A)  the expected value of an outcome. 
B)  what an outcome is personally worth to an individual. 
C)  a personal estimate of what the probability of an outcome is. 
D)  an individual's willingness to take risks.

Question 12

When trying to decide between two different choices of sandwiches for lunch Suzi can use a variety of strategies, including an additive strategy in which she gradually adds less attractive choices to her elimination list and an elimination strategy in which she will gradually eliminate the attributes that will allow her to eliminate the numerous choices until she has one remaining.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, one of the independent variables was

Accepted Answer

A)  post-choice satisfaction. 
B)  the decision-making heuristic chosen by the participants. 
C)  the age of the participants. 
D)  the complexity of the decision. 
A)  post-choice satisfaction. 
B)  the decision-making heuristic chosen by the participants. 
C)  the age of the participants. 
D)  the complexity of the decision.

Question 14

The deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic slanting. 
B)  linguistic relativity. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  phonemic overextension. 
A)  semantic slanting. 
B)  linguistic relativity. 
C)  belief perseverance. 
D)  phonemic overextension.

Question 15

Briefly explain why people often find some problems difficult to solve.

Accepted Answer

Problems could be difficult to solve if

Question 16

Which of the following is consistent with the effects of framing on decision-making?

Accepted Answer

A)  When seeking to obtain gains, people are more likely to take risks. 
B)  When seeking to avoid losses, people are more likely to take risks. 
C)  Whether seeking gains or avoiding losses, people are likely to take risks. 
D)  Whether seeking gains or avoiding losses, people are likely to avoid risks. 
A)  When seeking to obtain gains, people are more likely to take risks. 
B)  When seeking to avoid losses, people are more likely to take risks. 
C)  Whether seeking gains or avoiding losses, people are likely to take risks. 
D)  Whether seeking gains or avoiding losses, people are likely to avoid risks.

Question 17

Christine has been following the state lottery for over a year, and she has a record of the number of times every number has been selected. She is ready to invest $1000 in lottery tickets with the same six-number combination on each ticket. She is going to choose the six numbers that have occurred the least frequently in the last year because she is sure they will be picked eventually. In this case, Christine is showing evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the base rate fallacy. 
C)  the gambler's fallacy. 
D)  the conjunction fallacy. 
A)  the availability heuristic. 
B)  the base rate fallacy. 
C)  the gambler's fallacy. 
D)  the conjunction fallacy.

Question 18

Compared to older children and adults, young children appear to be ____________________ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared to older children and adults, young...

Question 19

When making a decision using the ____ strategy, it is best to first evaluate the most important attributes.

Accepted Answer

A)  elimination by aspects 
B)  selection by aspects 
C)  additive 
D)  subtractive 
A)  elimination by aspects 
B)  selection by aspects 
C)  additive 
D)  subtractive

Question 20

The key properties of language include symbolism, phonemes and generativity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Language and Thought Part 2

Simon's theory of bounded rationality asserts that people frequently make

Evolutionary theorists argue that if decision problems were stated in terms of raw frequencies, then

The linguistic relativity hypothesis is most consistent with the unifying theme in psychology that

If the mayor of your town suggests that only uninformed citizens will not support a proposed tax increase to upgrade city parks, the mayor would be using

Mental shortcuts used to help people in estimating probabilities include the availability and representativeness heuristics and can lead people to estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater then the odds of either event happening alone.

Which of the following heuristics would you probably employ if assigned the task of carrying out a school election?

What are the steps that you would go through to solve the problem of finding the best Chinese restaurant in your new town?

Briefly describe the types of errors that children make during their first attempts at language use.

Subjective utility refers to

In the Featured Study on intuitive decisions versus careful deliberation, one of the independent variables was

The deliberate choice of words to create specific emotional responses is referred to as

Briefly explain why people often find some problems difficult to solve.

Which of the following is consistent with the effects of framing on decision-making?

Compared to older children and adults, young children appear to be ____________________ vulnerable to functional fixedness because they have less knowledge about typical uses for various objects.

When making a decision using the ____ strategy, it is best to first evaluate the most important attributes.

The key properties of language include symbolism, phonemes and generativity.

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

Careers in Psychology

Industrialorganizational Psychology

Statistical Methods

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