Question 1

Which of the following theories of personality would be most likely to emphasize the freedom of individuals to choose to act in particular ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  humanist 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  collectivist 
A)  humanist 
B)  behaviorist 
C)  psychodynamic 
D)  collectivist

Question 2

Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  adult memories of childhood experiences may be flawed. 
B)  random samples are biased. 
C)  childhood experiences can affect adult personalities. 
D)  retrospective studies only focus on atypical adults. 
A)  adult memories of childhood experiences may be flawed. 
B)  random samples are biased. 
C)  childhood experiences can affect adult personalities. 
D)  retrospective studies only focus on atypical adults.

Question 3

At the age of four months, Zach was excitable and fearful. His dad taped a colorful picture beside the changing table to entertain Zach during diaper changes. Zach overreacted to the picture and became agitated and nervous. Zach is most likely to be classified as a(n) ___________ child.

Accepted Answer

A)  introverted 
B)  extroverted 
C)  reactive 
D)  nonreactive 
A)  introverted 
B)  extroverted 
C)  reactive 
D)  nonreactive

Question 4

In Kaiti's culture, the wishes of the individual take precedence over group harmony. It is most likely that Kaiti defines her "self":

Accepted Answer

A)  in the context of her community. 
B)  in regard to her personality traits. 
C)  in regard to her birth order position. 
D)  in the context of her relationships. 
A)  in the context of her community. 
B)  in regard to her personality traits. 
C)  in regard to her birth order position. 
D)  in the context of her relationships.

Question 5

The defense mechanism of projection is illustrated by the behavior of a 12-year-old boy who starts having
tantrums after his family moves to a different state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A humanist and a Freudian psychoanalyst are arguing about human nature. What underlying assumptions about psychology and human potential are they likely to bring to their discussion? How can they resolve their differences without either-or thinking?

Accepted Answer

The Freudian assumes that human nature i

Question 7

Members of individualist cultures:

Accepted Answer

A)  give priority to personal goals. 
B)  value obligation and security. 
C)  place responsibilities to the group above personal goals. 
D)  tend to explain behaviors through group norms. 
A)  give priority to personal goals. 
B)  value obligation and security. 
C)  place responsibilities to the group above personal goals. 
D)  tend to explain behaviors through group norms.

Question 8

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)  five to ten central traits and additional secondary traits. 
B)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
C)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization. 
A)  five to ten central traits and additional secondary traits. 
B)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
C)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization.

Question 9

What three lines of evidence have challenged the belief that parents are the major influence on their children's personalities?

Accepted Answer

The shared family environment has little

Question 10

_______________, according to personality researchers, is an important trait that is not included among the Big Five.

Accepted Answer

A)  Religiosity 
B)  Suspicion 
C)  Carelessness 
D)  Neuroticism 
A)  Religiosity 
B)  Suspicion 
C)  Carelessness 
D)  Neuroticism

Question 11

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community, affect the behavior of individuals. This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  culture 
B)  the collective unconscious 
C)  shared environment 
D)  reciprocal determinism 
A)  culture 
B)  the collective unconscious 
C)  shared environment 
D)  reciprocal determinism

Question 12

Cross-cultural research revealed that the most altruistic children come from societies in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  children's work makes a genuine contribution to the well-being of the family. 
B)  parents encourage children toward individual achievement. 
C)  parents want their children to be leaders and to be self-fulfilled. 
D)  children are expected to spend their time playing rather than working. 
A)  children's work makes a genuine contribution to the well-being of the family. 
B)  parents encourage children toward individual achievement. 
C)  parents want their children to be leaders and to be self-fulfilled. 
D)  children are expected to spend their time playing rather than working.

Question 13

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are rational decision makers. 
B)  personality development is smooth and continuous. 
C)  psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D)  adult personalities and ongoing problems are formed primarily by experiences in early childhood. 
A)  humans are rational decision makers. 
B)  personality development is smooth and continuous. 
C)  psychologists need to rely on objective rather than subjective methods. 
D)  adult personalities and ongoing problems are formed primarily by experiences in early childhood.

Question 14

Which Freudian concepts do the following events suggest?
-A man who is angry with his boss shouts at his kids for making noise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which Freudian concepts do the following events...

Question 15

According to Gordon Allport, the number of central traits that most individuals have is:

Accepted Answer

A)  one. 
B)  five to ten. 
C)  twenty. 
D)  fifty to sixty. 
A)  one. 
B)  five to ten. 
C)  twenty. 
D)  fifty to sixty.

Question 16

Which trait among the Big Five typically decreases by age 30?

Accepted Answer

A)  extroversion 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  openness to experience 
A)  extroversion 
B)  neuroticism 
C)  agreeableness 
D)  openness to experience

Question 17

In the 1950s and 1960s, many psychoanalysts, working with unhappy gay men who had sought therapy, concluded that homosexuality was a mental illness. What violation of the scientific method were they committing?

Accepted Answer

The analysts were drawing conclusions fr

Question 18

Although modern psychodynamic theorists differ in many ways, they share a general belief that the way to
understand personality is by exploring its unconscious dynamics and origins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The humanist approach suggests that despite genetic, environmental, cultural, and psychodynamic
influences, people can exercise free will to determine the kind of person they will become.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is meant by a "culture of honor"? According to Richard Nisbett, what role does one's means of livelihood (herding versus agriculture) play in this culture?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Which of the following theories of personality would be most likely to emphasize the freedom of individuals to choose to act in particular ways?

Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

At the age of four months, Zach was excitable and fearful. His dad taped a colorful picture beside the changing table to entertain Zach during diaper changes. Zach overreacted to the picture and became agitated and nervous. Zach is most likely to be classified as a(n) ___________ child.

In Kaiti's culture, the wishes of the individual take precedence over group harmony. It is most likely that Kaiti defines her "self":

The defense mechanism of projection is illustrated by the behavior of a 12-year-old boy who starts having tantrums after his family moves to a different state.

A humanist and a Freudian psychoanalyst are arguing about human nature. What underlying assumptions about psychology and human potential are they likely to bring to their discussion? How can they resolve their differences without either-or thinking?

Members of individualist cultures:

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

What three lines of evidence have challenged the belief that parents are the major influence on their children's personalities?

_______________, according to personality researchers, is an important trait that is not included among the Big Five.

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community, affect the behavior of individuals. This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behavior.

Cross-cultural research revealed that the most altruistic children come from societies in which:

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Which Freudian concepts do the following events suggest? -A man who is angry with his boss shouts at his kids for making noise.

According to Gordon Allport, the number of central traits that most individuals have is:

Which trait among the Big Five typically decreases by age 30?

In the 1950s and 1960s, many psychoanalysts, working with unhappy gay men who had sought therapy, concluded that homosexuality was a mental illness. What violation of the scientific method were they committing?

Although modern psychodynamic theorists differ in many ways, they share a general belief that the way to understand personality is by exploring its unconscious dynamics and origins.

The humanist approach suggests that despite genetic, environmental, cultural, and psychodynamic influences, people can exercise free will to determine the kind of person they will become.

What is meant by a "culture of honor"? According to Richard Nisbett, what role does one's means of livelihood (herding versus agriculture) play in this culture?

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

Which of the following theories of personality would be most likely to emphasize the freedom of individuals to choose to act in particular ways?

Some psychologists critique psychodynamic theories because they are largely based on the retrospective accounts of adults. One reason this is a problem is that:

At the age of four months, Zach was excitable and fearful. His dad taped a colorful picture beside the changing table to entertain Zach during diaper changes. Zach overreacted to the picture and became agitated and nervous. Zach is most likely to be classified as a(n) ___________ child.

In Kaiti's culture, the wishes of the individual take precedence over group harmony. It is most likely that Kaiti defines her "self":

The defense mechanism of projection is illustrated by the behavior of a 12-year-old boy who starts having tantrums after his family moves to a different state.

A humanist and a Freudian psychoanalyst are arguing about human nature. What underlying assumptions about psychology and human potential are they likely to bring to their discussion? How can they resolve their differences without either-or thinking?

Members of individualist cultures:

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

What three lines of evidence have challenged the belief that parents are the major influence on their children's personalities?

_______________, according to personality researchers, is an important trait that is not included among the Big Five.

A psychologist is studying how a society's shared rules, along with the values, beliefs, and attitudes shared by most members of that community, affect the behavior of individuals. This research could be described as investigating the effect of _____________ on behavior.

Cross-cultural research revealed that the most altruistic children come from societies in which:

Theorists within the psychodynamic tradition would agree that:

Which Freudian concepts do the following events suggest? -A man who is angry with his boss shouts at his kids for making noise.

According to Gordon Allport, the number of central traits that most individuals have is:

Which trait among the Big Five typically decreases by age 30?

In the 1950s and 1960s, many psychoanalysts, working with unhappy gay men who had sought therapy, concluded that homosexuality was a mental illness. What violation of the scientific method were they committing?

Although modern psychodynamic theorists differ in many ways, they share a general belief that the way to understand personality is by exploring its unconscious dynamics and origins.

The humanist approach suggests that despite genetic, environmental, cultural, and psychodynamic influences, people can exercise free will to determine the kind of person they will become.

What is meant by a "culture of honor"? According to Richard Nisbett, what role does one's means of livelihood (herding versus agriculture) play in this culture?

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters