Question 1

Which of the following describes the general relationship between genes and personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  A genetic predisposition does not necessarily imply genetic inevitability. 
B)  Personality problems that have a genetic component will inevitably occur if a person has the particular gene(s). 
C)  In spite of genetic dispositions and temperament, we can transform our personality completely. 
D)  Personality problems that have a genetic component are permanent. 
A)  A genetic predisposition does not necessarily imply genetic inevitability. 
B)  Personality problems that have a genetic component will inevitably occur if a person has the particular gene(s). 
C)  In spite of genetic dispositions and temperament, we can transform our personality completely. 
D)  Personality problems that have a genetic component are permanent.

Question 2

_______________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

Accepted Answer

A)  A personality 
B)  A trait 
C)  An archetype 
D)  A temperament 
A)  A personality 
B)  A trait 
C)  An archetype 
D)  A temperament

Question 3

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Agreeableness versus antagonism 
B)  Extroversion versus introversion 
C)  Neuroticism versus emotional stability 
D)  Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience 
A)  Agreeableness versus antagonism 
B)  Extroversion versus introversion 
C)  Neuroticism versus emotional stability 
D)  Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience

Question 4

Regarding the Big Five, most psychologists would probably agree with the statement that:

Accepted Answer

A)  an individual's core traits change a lot throughout his or her lifetime. 
B)  important traits involved in mental disorders are included in the Big Five. 
C)  they only apply to people in western cultures, such as the United States and Great Britain. 
D)  they lie at the core of key personality variations among individuals throughout the world. 
A)  an individual's core traits change a lot throughout his or her lifetime. 
B)  important traits involved in mental disorders are included in the Big Five. 
C)  they only apply to people in western cultures, such as the United States and Great Britain. 
D)  they lie at the core of key personality variations among individuals throughout the world.

Question 5

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

A)  boringness 
B)  openness to experience 
C)  cleanliness 
D)  psychopathy 
A)  boringness 
B)  openness to experience 
C)  cleanliness 
D)  psychopathy

Question 6

The first psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Abraham Maslow. 
D)  Carl Jung. 
A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  John Watson. 
C)  Abraham Maslow. 
D)  Carl Jung.

Question 7

The two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  congruence. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  displacement. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  congruence. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  displacement.

Question 8

Personality refers to a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, mannerisms, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

During a grade school field trip, Ryan and his friends were running down a hill when he stepped on a snake. He was unharmed but shaken by the experience. When one of his friends mentioned the incident months later, Ryan could not remember running down the hill that day. Sigmund Freud would say that this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sublimation. 
B)  displacement. 
C)  repression. 
D)  regression. 
A)  sublimation. 
B)  displacement. 
C)  repression. 
D)  regression.

Question 10

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Heritability 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Congruence 
A)  Reciprocal determinism 
B)  Heritability 
C)  Factor analysis 
D)  Congruence

Question 11

According to Sigmund Freud, which psychosexual stage is most crucial for the formation of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the genital stage 
A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the genital stage

Question 12

According to Carl Jung, part of the legacy of human history is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  womb envy shared by all men, consisting of universal symbols of the "Earth Mother." 
B)  penis envy shared by all women, consisting of universal memories of the "Powerful Father." 
C)  collective unconscious shared by all human beings containing universal memories, symbols, and images. 
D)  liturgical unconscious shared by all human beings containing symbols from each of the major world 
A)  womb envy shared by all men, consisting of universal symbols of the "Earth Mother." 
B)  penis envy shared by all women, consisting of universal memories of the "Powerful Father." 
C)  collective unconscious shared by all human beings containing universal memories, symbols, and images. 
D)  liturgical unconscious shared by all human beings containing symbols from each of the major world

Question 13

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

Accepted Answer

A)  A trait 
B)  Personality 
C)  Temperament 
D)  The ego 
A)  A trait 
B)  Personality 
C)  Temperament 
D)  The ego

Question 14

A person's personality can affect the way they perceive an experience. Conversely, different experiences can change the way a person's perceptions take place. This is an example of which concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  social-cognitive interaction 
B)  nature-nurture theory 
C)  heritability 
D)  reciprocal determinism 
A)  social-cognitive interaction 
B)  nature-nurture theory 
C)  heritability 
D)  reciprocal determinism

Question 15

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger," "being in denial," and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

Accepted Answer

A)  social-cognitive learning theory. 
B)  psychodynamic theory. 
C)  humanist theory. 
D)  trait theory. 
A)  social-cognitive learning theory. 
B)  psychodynamic theory. 
C)  humanist theory. 
D)  trait theory.

Question 16

In popular culture, unconditional positive regard is often misinterpreted as:

Accepted Answer

A)  offering constructive criticism when a child needs guidance. 
B)  setting limits in order to facilitate a child's development. 
C)  assurance that a child is loved despite mistakes that are made. 
D)  an unwillingness to ever say "no" to a child. 
A)  offering constructive criticism when a child needs guidance. 
B)  setting limits in order to facilitate a child's development. 
C)  assurance that a child is loved despite mistakes that are made. 
D)  an unwillingness to ever say "no" to a child.

Question 17

What did psychologists discover when, in a study discussed in your textbook, they surveyed freshman at Cornell University regarding their behaviors and their interactions with parents?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the

Question 18

In behavioral genetic research, _______________ includes personal experiences, such as winning the lead in the school play.

Accepted Answer

A)  the individualist culture 
B)  the nonshared environment 
C)  the shared environment 
D)  the collectivist culture 
A)  the individualist culture 
B)  the nonshared environment 
C)  the shared environment 
D)  the collectivist culture

Question 19

What are the three systems that comprise personality according to Sigmund Freud? Briefly describe them.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 20

Define heritability. Describe an example of a highly heritable trait and an example of a trait that would
have low heritability.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Which of the following describes the general relationship between genes and personality?

_______________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

Regarding the Big Five, most psychologists would probably agree with the statement that:

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality traits?

The first psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by:

The two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits is called:

Personality refers to a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, mannerisms, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.

According to Sigmund Freud, which psychosexual stage is most crucial for the formation of personality?

According to Carl Jung, part of the legacy of human history is a:

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

A person's personality can affect the way they perceive an experience. Conversely, different experiences can change the way a person's perceptions take place. This is an example of which concept?

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger," "being in denial," and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

In popular culture, unconditional positive regard is often misinterpreted as:

What did psychologists discover when, in a study discussed in your textbook, they surveyed freshman at Cornell University regarding their behaviors and their interactions with parents?

In behavioral genetic research, _______________ includes personal experiences, such as winning the lead in the school play.

What are the three systems that comprise personality according to Sigmund Freud? Briefly describe them.

Define heritability. Describe an example of a highly heritable trait and an example of a trait that would have low heritability.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

Which of the following describes the general relationship between genes and personality?

_______________ is a habitual way of behaving, thinking, and feeling.

_______________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are outgoing or shy.

Regarding the Big Five, most psychologists would probably agree with the statement that:

Which of the following is one of the Big Five personality traits?

The first psychodynamic theory of personality was developed by:

The two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits is called:

Personality refers to a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, mannerisms, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual.

_______________ is a statistical estimate of the proportion of the total variance in some trait among individuals within a group that is attributable to genetic differences.

According to Sigmund Freud, which psychosexual stage is most crucial for the formation of personality?

According to Carl Jung, part of the legacy of human history is a:

_______________ is defined as a distinctive and relatively stable pattern of behaviors, thoughts, motives, and emotions that characterizes an individual throughout life.

A person's personality can affect the way they perceive an experience. Conversely, different experiences can change the way a person's perceptions take place. This is an example of which concept?

Phrases such as "displacing one's anger," "being in denial," and "repressing a memory" are all based on ideas related to:

In popular culture, unconditional positive regard is often misinterpreted as:

What did psychologists discover when, in a study discussed in your textbook, they surveyed freshman at Cornell University regarding their behaviors and their interactions with parents?

In behavioral genetic research, _______________ includes personal experiences, such as winning the lead in the school play.

What are the three systems that comprise personality according to Sigmund Freud? Briefly describe them.

Define heritability. Describe an example of a highly heritable trait and an example of a trait that would have low heritability.

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters