Question 1

Which of the following is an emphasis shared by all psychodynamic theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  an emphasis on unconscious processes within the mind 
B)  an emphasis on our uniquely human capacity to determine our own actions and futures 
C)  an emphasis on adult experiences as the cause of ongoing problems 
D)  an emphasis on the heritability of temperaments 
A)  an emphasis on unconscious processes within the mind 
B)  an emphasis on our uniquely human capacity to determine our own actions and futures 
C)  an emphasis on adult experiences as the cause of ongoing problems 
D)  an emphasis on the heritability of temperaments A

Question 2

Contrast the characteristics of individualist and collectivist cultures with regard to:
-definitions of self;
-goals;
-values;
-explanations of behavior (attributions);
-group norms; and
-the cost/benefit ratio in maintaining relationships.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following key points.
-Individualist cultures define the self as autonomous, independent of groups; collectivist cultures define the self as an interdependent part of groups.
-Individualist cultures give priority to individual, personal goals; collectivist cultures give priority to the needs and goals of the group.
-Individualist cultures value independence, leadership, achievement, and self-fulfillment; collectivist cultures value group harmony, duty, obligation, and security.
-Individualist cultures give more weight to an individual's attitudes and preferences than to group norms as explanations of behavior; collectivist cultures give more weight to group norms than to individual attitudes.
-Individualist cultures attend to the benefits and costs of relationships; collectivist cultures attend to the needs of group members.

Question 3

The defense mechanism of regression is illustrated by the behavior of a 12-year-old boy who starts having
tantrums after his family moves to a different state.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The "objects" in the object-relations school of thought refer to:

Accepted Answer

A)  both real and mental representations of other people. 
B)  the toys an infant plays with. 
C)  the parts of a person's personality. 
D)  a person's most basic needs and desires. 
A)  both real and mental representations of other people. 
B)  the toys an infant plays with. 
C)  the parts of a person's personality. 
D)  a person's most basic needs and desires.

Question 5

Amir is constantly worrying about things, even though he really doesn't have anything to worry about. He constantly complains about his coursework and gives up on difficult projects easily. Amir is best described as highly:

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistic. 
B)  extroverted. 
C)  impulsive. 
D)  neurotic. 
A)  antagonistic. 
B)  extroverted. 
C)  impulsive. 
D)  neurotic.

Question 6

In Jungian theory, the collective unconscious is the universal memory and experience of humankind represented in the symbols, stories, and images that occur across all cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Describe the ways in which humanist psychologists argue they have added balance to the study of personality.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 8

Carl Jung's theory of personality emphasizes the methods of empirical psychology in generating
personality constructs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

Accepted Answer

A)  five to ten central traits and additional secondary traits. 
B)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
C)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization. 
A)  five to ten central traits and additional secondary traits. 
B)  the ways we cope with the struggle to find meaning in existence. 
C)  whether or not a person received unconditional positive regard throughout childhood. 
D)  a gradual progression toward self-actualization.

Question 10

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________ is the stage of psychosexual development that is present during the first year of life.

Accepted Answer

A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the latency stage 
A)  the oral stage 
B)  the anal stage 
C)  the phallic stage 
D)  the latency stage

Question 11

According to Rollo May, the price of free will is often anxiety and despair.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Central traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Dee Dee's parents place a high value on academic achievement, but her peers do not. In this situation, Dee Dee is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  split the difference and become an average student. 
B)  suffer psychological damage. 
C)  be more strongly influenced by the values of his parents. 
D)  be more strongly influenced by his peers. 
A)  split the difference and become an average student. 
B)  suffer psychological damage. 
C)  be more strongly influenced by the values of his parents. 
D)  be more strongly influenced by his peers.

Question 14

According to your textbook, there appears to be little relation between what parents do in childrearing and the way children eventually turn out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to the ____________ view of personality, the story we tell about ourselves shapes who we are.

Accepted Answer

A)  humanist 
B)  social-cognitive learning 
C)  narrative 
D)  psychoanalytic 
A)  humanist 
B)  social-cognitive learning 
C)  narrative 
D)  psychoanalytic

Question 16

Innate physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways that are present in infancy are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  personalities. 
B)  aptitudes. 
C)  temperaments. 
D)  traits. 
A)  personalities. 
B)  aptitudes. 
C)  temperaments. 
D)  traits.

Question 17

In Ana's culture, group harmony takes precedence over the wishes of the individual. It is most likely that Ana defines her "self":

Accepted Answer

A)  in occupational terms. 
B)  in regard to her personality traits. 
C)  in terms of her life goals. 
D)  in the context of her relationships. 
A)  in occupational terms. 
B)  in regard to her personality traits. 
C)  in terms of her life goals. 
D)  in the context of her relationships.

Question 18

In psychoanalytic theory, the inner voice that says you did something morally wrong is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  libido. 
B)  id. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego. 
A)  libido. 
B)  id. 
C)  ego. 
D)  superego.

Question 19

Peter was raised in the southern United States. When he feels that he has been insulted, it is likely that:

Accepted Answer

A)  his body will produce large amounts of cortisol. 
B)  he will quickly realize it is unimportant and shrug it off. 
C)  his body will decrease the amount of cortisol it produces. 
D)  he will feel ashamed and will experience a decrease in testosterone production. 
A)  his body will produce large amounts of cortisol. 
B)  he will quickly realize it is unimportant and shrug it off. 
C)  his body will decrease the amount of cortisol it produces. 
D)  he will feel ashamed and will experience a decrease in testosterone production.

Question 20

In behavioral-genetic research, what is the "nonshared environment"?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Which of the following is an emphasis shared by all psychodynamic theories?

Contrast the characteristics of individualist and collectivist cultures with regard to: -definitions of self; -goals; -values; -explanations of behavior (attributions); -group norms; and -the cost/benefit ratio in maintaining relationships.

The defense mechanism of regression is illustrated by the behavior of a 12-year-old boy who starts having tantrums after his family moves to a different state.

The "objects" in the object-relations school of thought refer to:

Amir is constantly worrying about things, even though he really doesn't have anything to worry about. He constantly complains about his coursework and gives up on difficult projects easily. Amir is best described as highly:

In Jungian theory, the collective unconscious is the universal memory and experience of humankind represented in the symbols, stories, and images that occur across all cultures.

Describe the ways in which humanist psychologists argue they have added balance to the study of personality.

Carl Jung's theory of personality emphasizes the methods of empirical psychology in generating personality constructs.

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________ is the stage of psychosexual development that is present during the first year of life.

According to Rollo May, the price of free will is often anxiety and despair.

Central traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.

Dee Dee's parents place a high value on academic achievement, but her peers do not. In this situation, Dee Dee is most likely to:

According to your textbook, there appears to be little relation between what parents do in childrearing and the way children eventually turn out.

According to the ____________ view of personality, the story we tell about ourselves shapes who we are.

Innate physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways that are present in infancy are called:

In Ana's culture, group harmony takes precedence over the wishes of the individual. It is most likely that Ana defines her "self":

In psychoanalytic theory, the inner voice that says you did something morally wrong is called the:

Peter was raised in the southern United States. When he feels that he has been insulted, it is likely that:

In behavioral-genetic research, what is the "nonshared environment"?

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 14: Theories of Personality

Which of the following is an emphasis shared by all psychodynamic theories?

Contrast the characteristics of individualist and collectivist cultures with regard to: -definitions of self; -goals; -values; -explanations of behavior (attributions); -group norms; and -the cost/benefit ratio in maintaining relationships.

The defense mechanism of regression is illustrated by the behavior of a 12-year-old boy who starts having tantrums after his family moves to a different state.

The "objects" in the object-relations school of thought refer to:

Amir is constantly worrying about things, even though he really doesn't have anything to worry about. He constantly complains about his coursework and gives up on difficult projects easily. Amir is best described as highly:

In Jungian theory, the collective unconscious is the universal memory and experience of humankind represented in the symbols, stories, and images that occur across all cultures.

Describe the ways in which humanist psychologists argue they have added balance to the study of personality.

Carl Jung's theory of personality emphasizes the methods of empirical psychology in generating personality constructs.

For Gordon Allport, our personalities reflect:

According to Sigmund Freud, _______________ is the stage of psychosexual development that is present during the first year of life.

According to Rollo May, the price of free will is often anxiety and despair.

Central traits are changeable aspects of personality, such as musical preferences, habits, and casual opinions.

Dee Dee's parents place a high value on academic achievement, but her peers do not. In this situation, Dee Dee is most likely to:

According to your textbook, there appears to be little relation between what parents do in childrearing and the way children eventually turn out.

According to the ____________ view of personality, the story we tell about ourselves shapes who we are.

Innate physiological dispositions to respond to the environment in certain ways that are present in infancy are called:

In Ana's culture, group harmony takes precedence over the wishes of the individual. It is most likely that Ana defines her "self":

In psychoanalytic theory, the inner voice that says you did something morally wrong is called the:

Peter was raised in the southern United States. When he feels that he has been insulted, it is likely that:

In behavioral-genetic research, what is the "nonshared environment"?

What Is Psychology

How Psychologists Do Research

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters