Question 1

When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isochoric process,

Accepted Answer

A) its internal (thermal)energy does not change. 
B) the gas does no work. 
C) no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D) its temperature must increase. 
E) its pressure must increase. 
A) its internal (thermal)energy does not change. 
B) the gas does no work. 
C) no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D) its temperature must increase. 
E) its pressure must increase.

Question 2

How many grams of ice at -13°C must be added to 711 grams of water that is initially at a temperature of   to produce water at a final temperature of   Assume that no heat is lost to the surroundings and that the container has negligible mass.The specific heat of liquid water is 4190 J/kg ∙ °C and of ice is 2050 J/kg · °C.For water the normal melting point is 0.00°C and the heat of fusion is 334 × 103 J/kg.The normal boiling point is 100°C and the heat of vaporization is 2.26 × 106 J/kg.

Accepted Answer

Question 3

A heat conducting rod,0.90 m long,is made of an aluminum section that is 0.10 m long,and a copper section that is   long.Both sections have cross-sectional areas of   The aluminum end is maintained at a temperature of   and the copper end is at   The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 205 W/m ∙ K and of copper is 385 W/m ∙ K.Steady state has been reached,and no heat is lost through the well-insulated sides of the rod.The temperature of the aluminum-copper junction in the rod is closest to

Accepted Answer

A) 61°C. 
B) 58°C. 
C) 56°C. 
D) 54°C. 
E) 52°C. 
A) 61°C. 
B) 58°C. 
C) 56°C. 
D) 54°C. 
E) 52°C.

Question 4

The figure shows the pV diagram for a certain thermodynamic process.In this process,
1500 J of heat flows into a system,and at the same time the system expands against a constant external pressure of   If the volume of the system increases from   to   calculate the change in internal (thermal)energy of the system.If the internal (thermal)energy change is nonzero,be sure to indicate whether this energy change is positive or negative.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The figure shows the pV diagram for...

Question 5

When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isothermal expansion,

Accepted Answer

A) its internal (thermal)energy does not change. 
B) the gas does no work. 
C) no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D) its temperature must decrease. 
E) its pressure must increase. 
A) its internal (thermal)energy does not change. 
B) the gas does no work. 
C) no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D) its temperature must decrease. 
E) its pressure must increase.

Question 6

A spherical object 25.0 cm in diameter having an emissivity of 0.800 is held at a temperature of 275°C by an internal heater.This object is embedded in a very large vat of water at 100.0°C and atmospheric pressure.At what maximum rate (in g/min)is the water evaporating in the vat due to the radiated heat it receives from the object? You can ignore any heat radiated by the water.The latent heat of fusion for water is 33,400 J/kg,its latent heat of vaporization is
2.26 × 106 J/kg,and the Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.670 × 10-8 W/m2 · K4.

Accepted Answer

Question 7

An expansion process on an ideal diatomic gas has a linear path between the initial and final states on a pV diagram.The initial pressure is   the initial volume is   and the initial temperature is   The final pressure is   and the final temperature is   The change in the internal (thermal)energy of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A) -3100 J. 
B) -1800 J. 
C) 3100 J. 
D) 1800 J. 
E) 0.00 J. 
A) -3100 J. 
B) -1800 J. 
C) 3100 J. 
D) 1800 J. 
E) 0.00 J.

Question 8

The temperature of an ideal gas in a sealed 0.40-   rigid container is reduced from 350 K to   The final pressure of the gas is   The molar heat capacity at constant volume of the gas is 28.0 J/mol · K.The heat absorbed by the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A) -24 kJ. 
B) -31 kJ. 
C) 24 kJ. 
D) 31 kJ. 
E) 0.00 kJ. 
A) -24 kJ. 
B) -31 kJ. 
C) 24 kJ. 
D) 31 kJ. 
E) 0.00 kJ.

Question 9

A container with rigid walls is filled with 4 mol of air with CV = 2.5R.How much does the internal (thermal)energy change if the temperature of the air rises from 16°C to 437°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 35 kJ 
B) 421 J 
C) 3.5 kJ 
D) 8.75 kJ 
A) 35 kJ 
B) 421 J 
C) 3.5 kJ 
D) 8.75 kJ

Question 10

A cylindrical bar that us well insulated around its sides connects hot and cold reservoirs and conducts heat at a rate of 10.0 J/s under steady state conditions.If all of its linear dimensions (diameter and length)are reduced by half,the rate at which it will now conduct heat between the same reservoirs is closest to

Accepted Answer

A) 80.0 J/s. 
B) 20.0 J/s. 
C) 5.00 J/s. 
D) 2.50 J/s. 
E) 1.25 J/s. 
A) 80.0 J/s. 
B) 20.0 J/s. 
C) 5.00 J/s. 
D) 2.50 J/s. 
E) 1.25 J/s.

Question 11

It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat than iron.Now,consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium.The same amount of heat, 30 calories,is added to each one.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) They remain in thermal equilibrium. 
B) They are no longer in thermal equilibrium; the iron is warmer. 
C) They are no longer in thermal equilibrium; the water is warmer. 
D) It is impossible to say without knowing the exact mass involved. 
E) It is impossible to say without knowing the exact specific heats. 
A) They remain in thermal equilibrium. 
B) They are no longer in thermal equilibrium; the iron is warmer. 
C) They are no longer in thermal equilibrium; the water is warmer. 
D) It is impossible to say without knowing the exact mass involved. 
E) It is impossible to say without knowing the exact specific heats.

Question 12

An ideal gas is compressed in a well-insulated chamber using a well-insulated piston.This process is

Accepted Answer

A) isochoric. 
B) isothermal. 
C) adiabatic. 
D) isobaric. 
A) isochoric. 
B) isothermal. 
C) adiabatic. 
D) isobaric.

Question 13

In an isochoric process,the internal (thermal)energy of an ideal gas decreases by 50 J.How much work does the gas do during this process?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.00 J 
B) 25 J 
C) 50 J 
D) -25 J 
E) -50 J 
A) 0.00 J 
B) 25 J 
C) 50 J 
D) -25 J 
E) -50 J

Question 14

A substance has a melting point of 20°C and a heat of fusion of 3.5 × 104 J/kg.The boiling point is 150°C and the heat of vaporization is 7.0 × 104 J/kg at a pressure of 1.0 atm.The specific heats for the solid,liquid,and gaseous phases are 600 J/(kg ∙ K),1000 J/(kg ∙ K),and 400 J/(kg ∙ K),respectively.The quantity of heat given up by 0.50 kg of the substance when it is cooled from 170°C to 88°C,at a pressure of 1.0 atmosphere,is closest to

Accepted Answer

A) 70 kJ. 
B) 14 kJ. 
C) 21 kJ. 
D) 30 kJ. 
E) 44 kJ. 
A) 70 kJ. 
B) 14 kJ. 
C) 21 kJ. 
D) 30 kJ. 
E) 44 kJ.

Question 15

Heat is added to a 2.0 kg piece of ice at a rate of   How long will it take for the ice to melt if it was initially at 0.00°C? (The latent heat of fusion for water is 334 kJ/kg and its latent heat of vaporization is 2260 kJ/kg.)

Accepted Answer

A) 0.84 s 
B) 530,000 s 
C) 4.7 s 
D) 670 s 
A) 0.84 s 
B) 530,000 s 
C) 4.7 s 
D) 670 s

Question 16

Some properties of glass are listed here. Density: 2300 kg/m3
Specific heat: 840 J/kg ∙ °C
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion: 8.5 × 10-6 (°C)-1
Thermal conductivity: 0.80 W/(m · °C)
A glass window pane is 2.7 m high,2.4 m wide,and 2.0 mm thick.The temperature at the inner surface of the glass is   and at the outer surface 4.0°C.How much heat is lost each hour through the window under steady state conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.7 × 108 J 
B) 1.7 × 105 J 
C) 4.7 × 104 J 
D) 4.7 × 101 J 
E) 1.7 × 106 J 
A) 1.7 × 108 J 
B) 1.7 × 105 J 
C) 4.7 × 104 J 
D) 4.7 × 101 J 
E) 1.7 × 106 J

Question 17

Two metal rods,one silver and the other copper,are both attached to a steam chamber as shown in the figure,with a temperature of 100°C,at one end,and an ice water bath,with a temperature of 0°C,at the other.The rods are 5.0 cm long and have a square cross-section, 2.0 cm on a side.When steady state has been reached,how much heat flows through the two rods in 1.0 min? The thermal conductivity of silver is 417 W/(m ∙ K),and that of copper is
395 W/(m ∙ K).No heat is exchanged between the rods and the surroundings,except at their ends.

Accepted Answer

A) 20 kJ 
B) 39 kJ 
C) 47 kJ 
D) 49 kJ 
E) 11 kJ 
A) 20 kJ 
B) 39 kJ 
C) 47 kJ 
D) 49 kJ 
E) 11 kJ

Question 18

The figure (not to scale)shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He)that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3.Find the value of V3.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

Accepted Answer

A) 17 L 
B) 69 L 
C) 34 L 
D) 8.6 L 
A) 17 L 
B) 69 L 
C) 34 L 
D) 8.6 L

Question 19

A steel container,equipped with a piston,contains 21 mol of an ideal gas at 465 K.The container is compressed isothermally to 90% of its original volume.How much work is done on the gas? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 8600 J 
B) -73,300 J 
C) -8500 J 
D) 11 J 
A) 8600 J 
B) -73,300 J 
C) -8500 J 
D) 11 J

Question 20

An ideal gas in a balloon is kept in thermal equilibrium with its constant-temperature surroundings.How much work is done by the gas if the outside pressure is slowly reduced,allowing the balloon to expand to 6.0 times its original size? The balloon initially has a pressure of   and a volume of   The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A) 120 J 
B) 390 J 
C) -330 J 
D) 6.0 J 
A) 120 J 
B) 390 J 
C) -330 J 
D) 6.0 J

Exam 19: Work, heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics

When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isochoric process,

When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isothermal expansion,

The temperature of an ideal gas in a sealed 0.40- rigid container is reduced from 350 K to The final pressure of the gas is The molar heat capacity at constant volume of the gas is 28.0 J/mol · K.The heat absorbed by the gas is closest to

A container with rigid walls is filled with 4 mol of air with CV = 2.5R.How much does the internal (thermal)energy change if the temperature of the air rises from 16°C to 437°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

It is a well-known fact that water has a higher specific heat than iron.Now,consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium.The same amount of heat, 30 calories,is added to each one.Which statement is true?

An ideal gas is compressed in a well-insulated chamber using a well-insulated piston.This process is

In an isochoric process,the internal (thermal)energy of an ideal gas decreases by 50 J.How much work does the gas do during this process?

Heat is added to a 2.0 kg piece of ice at a rate of How long will it take for the ice to melt if it was initially at 0.00°C? (The latent heat of fusion for water is 334 kJ/kg and its latent heat of vaporization is 2260 kJ/kg.)

The figure (not to scale)shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He)that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3.Find the value of V3.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

A steel container,equipped with a piston,contains 21 mol of an ideal gas at 465 K.The container is compressed isothermally to 90% of its original volume.How much work is done on the gas? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

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A container with rigid walls is filled with 4 mol of air with C_V = 2.5R.How much does the internal (thermal)energy change if the temperature of the air rises from 16°C to 437°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

The figure (not to scale)shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He)that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3.Find the value of V₃.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.