Question 1

In which sleep disorder does the person stop breathing in his or her sleep for 20 seconds or more until the person wakes a little, gulps air, and settles back to sleep with this cycle being repeated hundreds of times a night?

Accepted Answer

A) sleep apnea 
B) narcolepsy 
C) somnambulism 
D) insomnia

Question 2

Regarding tranquilizers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Benzodiazepine tranquilizers are used to lower anxiety and reduce tension. 
B) When tranquilizers are used at too high a dosage or for too long, addiction can occur. 
C) Large doses of Rohypnol induce short-term amnesia and sleep. 
D) Valium is ten times more potent than Rohypnol.

Question 3

Long-distance running, listening to music, sleep, and daydreaming are just some of the everyday ways to produce

Accepted Answer

A) preconsciousness. 
B) altered states of consciousness. 
C) sensory enhancement. 
D) simulated information processing.

Question 4

You have graduated from college and have a new job. At several of the events related to your job, alcohol is being served. According to your textbook, it is possible to pace your drinking so that you will not get drunk and embarrass yourself in front of your boss and colleagues. List these five guidelines for paced drinking. Then, explain why alcohol abuse increases with the level of stress in one's life, and identify five of the eight danger signs of alcohol abuse.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have graduated from college and have...

Question 5

Meditation is considered a distinct state of consciousness because

Accepted Answer

A) it produces deep relaxation. 
B) it requires more intense focus than waking consciousness. 
C) PET and fMRI scans reveal changes in the activity of the frontal lobes of the brain. 
D) heart rates and blood pressures changes occur when a person is meditating.

Question 6

Which type of psychoactive drug use is involved when users focus on experiencing the psychoactive effects of a drug rather than using the drug to address a particular issue?

Accepted Answer

A) addictive 
B) instrumental 
C) recreational 
D) polydrug

Question 7

Regarding amphetamines, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Taking amphetamines as "study drugs" may produce slight improvements in problem-solving performance. 
B) Taking amphetamines to improve college performance has been shown to result in a significant gain in creativity. 
C) Amphetamines have been shown to be physically addicting. 
D) Amphetamines speed up the use of the body's resources and do not magically supply energy.

Question 8

In suppressing their cravings during the withdrawal period from nicotine, many people find that using nicotine patches or gum tend to help as well as medications, such as

Accepted Answer

A) Valium. 
B) lithium. 
C) bupropion. 
D) Risperdal.

Question 9

Regarding how a person would act under hypnosis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Most people will do anything they are asked to do under hypnosis, including violent acts against others. 
B) Most people will not act out hypnotic suggestions that they consider immoral or repulsive. 
C) Most people are unaware of what is going on and, therefore, lack control of their behavior. 
D) Most people can be hypnotized against their wills or without conscious knowledge that it is happening.

Question 10

Margo dreams of stealing her friend's wedding ring and placing it on her hand. According to Freud's theory, Margo's dream probably represents

Accepted Answer

A) her desire to own "pretty" and expensive things. 
B) her plan to steal her friend's jewelry in the future. 
C) her sexual attraction to her friend's husband. 
D) a carryover from ordinary waking events.

Question 11

The three most widely used psychoactive drugs are

Accepted Answer

A) prozac, alcohol, and cannabis. 
B) caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine. 
C) alcohol, cannabis, and crystal meth. 
D) valium, nicotine, and alcohol.

Question 12

Nate is a middle-aged man who is suffering from insomnia as well as daytime sleepiness. At the sleep lab, the doctor finds that the underlying cause of his problems is that he stops breathing in his sleep, awakens slightly to gulp in air, and then goes back to sleep almost 50 or 60 times a night. Nate's daytime sleepiness and poor quality sleep are the result of which sleep disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) narcolepsy 
B) sleep apnea 
C) somnambulism 
D) REM behavior disorder

Question 13

Explain the difference between a physical dependence (addiction)and a psychological dependence, including the aspects of drug tolerance and withdrawal symptoms; and describe the different ways that drugs influence the activity of brain cells, including the area of the brain that nearly all addictive drugs stimulate and why adolescent brains are more susceptible to addiction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between a physical dependence...

Question 14

It is believed that SIDS babies do not change positions and resume breathing after an episode of apnea due to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) weak arousal reflex. 
B) absence of delta waves. 
C) absence of REM sleep. 
D) lack of adequate motor control.

Question 15

According to your text, if you want to eliminate a nightmare, you should

Accepted Answer

A) decrease your sleeping time and eat less starchy foods. 
B) increase your sleeping time and eat more protein-rich foods. 
C) write down your dream, change it, and mentally rehearse it. 
D) use the technique known as the paradoxical intention.

Question 16

Adolescents are more likely to use and abuse drugs

Accepted Answer

A) if they believe that the risks of drug use are low. 
B) if drugs are readily available. 
C) if drug use by their peers is viewed as acceptable behavior. 
D) in all of these cases.

Question 17

Psychoactive drugs alter consciousness by

Accepted Answer

A) raising the metabolic rate within the body. 
B) changing the blood volume level of various substances within the body. 
C) deactivating the ganglia within the somatic nervous system. 
D) directly influencing brain activity.

Question 18

The dream theorist who first believed that dreams are based on wish fulfillment and that one's unconscious desires and conflicts are disguised as dream symbols was

Accepted Answer

A) Sigmund Freud. 
B) William Domhoff. 
C) Ernest Hartmann. 
D) Stephen LaBerge.

Question 19

During a sleep lab session, Miguel's EEG patterns show that his brain is so active that he looks like he is awake, but the sleep lab attendant verifies that Miguel is indeed asleep. Miguel is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A) sleep spindles. 
B) REM sleep. 
C) night terrors. 
D) somnambulism.

Question 20

Taking the remaining pills of a prescribed drug recreationally rather than instrumentally would be an example of

Accepted Answer

A) drug abuse. 
B) drug misuse. 
C) compulsive use. 
D) intensive use.

Exam 5: States of Consciousness