Question 1

When Carl first started drinking, all he needed to get a buzz was two beers. Now it takes two six packs. This reduction in Carl's responsiveness to his "drug of choice" is called a

Accepted Answer

A) drug compulsion. 
B) drug tolerance. 
C) physical withdrawal. 
D) psychological addiction.

Question 2

Regarding hypnosis, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypnosis was introduced by the Austrian physician Karl Zener. 
B) Hypnosis is characterized by brain wave patterns similar to sleep. 
C) Hypnosis is an altered state characterized by narrowed attention and increased openness to suggestion. 
D) Hypnosis is a sleep state in which the subjects are partially aware of their actions and able to perform many activities not normally carried out during sleep.

Question 3

Which of the following proposed the best-known state theory of hypnosis and argued that hypnosis caused a dissociative state or "split" in awareness?

Accepted Answer

A) Franz Mesmer 
B) James Braid 
C) Ernest Hilgard 
D) Martin Orne

Question 4

Hypnosis can alter color vision, hearing sensitivity, time sense, and one's perception of illusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A friend of yours wants to quit smoking and has decided to "go cold turkey." Explain to your friend why "going cold turkey" may not be the best solution, and describe three different ways he or she might taper off smoking as well as ways to deal with the nicotine craving during withdrawal and the positive experiences surrounding the ritual of smoking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A friend of yours wants to quit...

Question 6

The psychological effects of cannabis include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) a sense of euphoria or well-being. 
B) altered time sense. 
C) anxiety and agitation. 
D) perceptual distortions.

Question 7

Each of us will spend approximately how many years of life asleep?

Accepted Answer

A) five 
B) 15 
C) 20 
D) 25

Question 8

A mantra is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT being

Accepted Answer

A) a smooth word, like "om." 
B) used in concentrative meditation. 
C) used in mindfulness meditation. 
D) a device used to focus attention.

Question 9

A premature infant with a high pitched cry, who engages in breath holding and remains passive when his or her face rolls into a pillow or blanket, should be monitored to prevent

Accepted Answer

A) night terrors. 
B) infantile narcolepsy. 
C) congenital cataplexy. 
D) sudden infant death syndrome.

Question 10

According to research, which of the following techniques has been shown to be a good choice for people who find it difficult to "turn off" upsetting thoughts when they need to relax?

Accepted Answer

A) lucid dreaming 
B) hypersomnia 
C) meditation 
D) hypnosis

Question 11

Pallab was up late studying for his history final. So, the next morning, he drank two cups of coffee in order to wake up. Pallab's use of the caffeine in the two cups of coffee to wake up would be considered a(n)__________ use

Accepted Answer

A) instrumental 
B) recreational 
C) experimental 
D) compulsive

Question 12

Regarding the subjective experience of consciousness, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) We can learn a lot about humans and other animals through objective studies. 
B) We cannot answer questions about what is going on in the minds of other humans or animals by using our own subjective perspective. 
C) Our subjective experience offers no insight into how our brain gives rise to consciousness or why we are conscious in the first place. 
D) The difficulty of knowing other minds is why introspection replaced behaviorism early in psychology's history.

Question 13

If you had to stay in a room for several weeks without a clock and could not see any natural light, your sleep-wake cycle would

Accepted Answer

A) become shorter. 
B) become longer. 
C) remain exactly the same. 
D) be unpredictable.

Question 14

Which theorists believe that hypnosis involves a blend of conformity, relaxation, imagination, obedience, and role-playing?

Accepted Answer

A) state theorists 
B) nonstate theorists 
C) psychodynamic theorists 
D) Gestalt theorists

Question 15

If Javier has trouble sleeping, he usually gets up and munches on some cookies, pretzels, or dry cereal, and this seems to help him sleep. This sleep-inducing technique

Accepted Answer

A) precipitates a placebo effect only. 
B) increases the amount of tryptophan reaching his brain and increases serotonin levels. 
C) is known as the paradoxical intention, since eating should prevent sleep. 
D) decreases the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the brain, resulting in sleep.

Question 16

Which of the following is the opposite of being "spaced out," that is, the opposite of having occasional moments of reduced awareness?

Accepted Answer

A) lucid dreaming 
B) mindfulness 
C) concentrative cataplexy 
D) anhedonia

Question 17

When you were in high school, you used to sleep 14 hours per night on the weekends. If you did this every night, you would be appropriately called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) lucid sleeper 
B) insomniac. 
C) short sleeper. 
D) long sleeper.

Question 18

Maria has been abusing cocaine and now suffers from an inability to feel pleasure, a condition known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maria has been abusing cocaine and now...

Question 19

Because the mind and consciousness are basically subjective phenomena, the key challenge of understanding the brain and behavior involves the use of __________ studies.

Accepted Answer

A) intuitive 
B) subjective 
C) objective 
D) parapsychology

Question 20

Regarding binge drinking, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Binge drinking is defined as downing five or more drinks in a short period of time for men and four or more drinks for women. 
B) Binge drinking is not considered a serious sign of alcohol abuse. 
C) Binge drinking has been shown to have an impact on one's long-term memory capacity. 
D) Binge drinking is responsible for 1,800 college student deaths each year and thousands of trips to the emergency room.

Exam 5: States of Consciousness