Question 1

EEG records indicate that during sleep the brain

Accepted Answer

A) increases its activity. 
B) changes its pattern of activity. 
C) shows only slow-wave activity. 
D) shuts down.

Question 2

Which of the following is a practical self-control method that involves sitting still and quietly focusing on some external object or on a repetitive internal stimulus, such as your own breathing or humming?

Accepted Answer

A) self-hypnosis 
B) mindfulness meditation 
C) concentrative meditation 
D) sensory deprivation

Question 3

According to the research on nicotine, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Users of smokeless tobacco run a higher risk of oral cancer. 
B) The "cold turkey" approach to quitting smoking is considered the most effective approach in producing permanent nonsmokers. 
C) Most smokers begin when they are teenagers since young people are even more vulnerable to addiction than adults are. 
D) Young children are especially vulnerable to secondhand smoke.

Question 4

Which sleep disturbance occurs during NREM sleep with the person engaging in activities that are normally engaged in when the person is awake?

Accepted Answer

A) sleepwalking 
B) narcolepsy 
C) restless legs syndrome 
D) sleep apnea

Question 5

Regarding cannabis, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The activity levels in the cerebellum are higher than normal in cannabis abusers. 
B) The THC in cannabis may interfere with menstrual cycles and ovulation as well as causing a higher rate of miscarriages.

Question 6

Many automobile accidents are thought to occur during momentary shifts in brain activity called

Accepted Answer

A) REM rebounds. 
B) non-REM sleep spindles. 
C) microsleeps. 
D) sleep spindles.

Question 7

During sleep, which of the following prevents you from acting out your dreams?

Accepted Answer

A) lucid dreaming 
B) REM sleep paralysis 
C) REM sleep behavior disorder 
D) somnambulism

Question 8

According to Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis may cause

Accepted Answer

A) severe psychosis. 
B) a loss of control of one's behavior. 
C) withdrawal symptoms for a repressed emotion. 
D) dissociation state or a "split in awareness."

Question 9

Our sleep rhythms tend to follow an exact 24-hour day because

Accepted Answer

A) the time of peak activity is invariant from person to person. 
B) they are tied to external time markers like light and dark. 
C) they have adapted to technological improvements made in the last century. 
D) everyone needs at least eight hours of sleep every night.

Question 10

The use of mild sensory deprivation has shown promise as a way to

Accepted Answer

A) "loosen" belief systems, making it easier for people to quit smoking, lose weight, and reduce their use of alcohol and drugs. 
B) enhance sports and musical performance. 
C) stimulate creative thinking. 
D) do all of these.

Question 11

According to your textbook, the drugs that are classified as addictive sedative-hypnotics include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol 
B) barbiturates 
C) GHB 
D) all of these

Question 12

In one study, normal individuals and patients in a persistent vegetative state were administered a mildly painful stimulus. Only the normal individuals in this study showed activity in which area of the brain on the PET scan?

Accepted Answer

A) midbrain 
B) thalamus 
C) somatosensory cortex 
D) frontal cortical regions

Question 13

Regarding the stages of sleep, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Most wave types are present at all times, but they occur more or less frequently in various sleep stages. 
B) In Stage 3, a new brainwave called beta waves begins to appear. 
C) Most people reach deep sleep in about one hour. 
D) Fluctuations in sleep hormones cause recurring cycles of deeper and lighter sleep throughout the night.

Question 14

Which of the following CANNOT be obtained through hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A) brief memory loss 
B) pain relief 
C) superhuman strength 
D) sensory changes

Question 15

Insisting on a regular schedule for sleep helps establish a firm body rhythm. This is best achieved by linking a response, such as sleeping with a specific stimulus, such as going to bed at a specific time, a technique known as

Accepted Answer

A) sleep restriction. 
B) the relaxation response. 
C) stimulus control. 
D) the paradoxical intention.

Question 16

Jing seems to fall asleep in the middle of a conversation. She has even suffered one of these sleep attacks while standing. She most likely suffers from the sleep disturbance referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) hypersomnolence disorder. 
B) sleep apnea. 
C) narcolepsy. 
D) somnambulism.

Question 17

Popular at raves and nightclubs, which depressant drug is classified as a controlled substance and, in low doses, produces euphoria, a desire to socialize, and a mild loss of inhibitions?

Accepted Answer

A) GHB 
B) MDMA 
C) mescaline 
D) crystal meth

Question 18

Nearly all addictive drugs

Accepted Answer

A) increase the activity in all the brain cells. 
B) prolong the action of transmitter chemicals. 
C) stimulate the brain's reward circuitry. 
D) mimic natural neurotransmitters.

Question 19

The activation-synthesis hypothesis was developed by

Accepted Answer

A) Ernest Hartmann. 
B) William Domhoff. 
C) Stephen LaBerge. 
D) Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley.

Question 20

Using your bedroom for sleeping (instead of for studying, paying bills, etc.)is an example of the use of which of the following methods for combating insomnia?

Accepted Answer

A) sleep restriction 
B) relaxation 
C) stimulus control 
D) paradoxical intention

Exam 5: States of Consciousness