Question 1

Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number?

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarianism 
B)  justice 
C)  rights 
D)  satisficing 
E)  humanitarianism 
A)  utilitarianism 
B)  justice 
C)  rights 
D)  satisficing 
E)  humanitarianism

Question 2

Tom knows that the title insurance company made a mistake on his property title. Because of their mistake, his neighbor now has access to an easement road through his back 25 acres. He can't use the acreage for pasture, because his neighbor insists that the gates remain open. The title company has offered a $40,000 settlement. Tom has decided to take the settlement rather than possibly lose in court if he were to sue the title company for more money. Tom's decision is based on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  risk aversion 
D)  randomness error 
E)  escalation of commitment 
A)  hindsight bias 
B)  availability bias 
C)  risk aversion 
D)  randomness error 
E)  escalation of commitment

Question 3

Which of the following is not a way to increase creativity?

Accepted Answer

A)  spend time with creative people 
B)  establish a happy work environment 
C)  avoid risks and trying new things 
D)  travel to another country 
E)  increase your knowledge about the subject 
A)  spend time with creative people 
B)  establish a happy work environment 
C)  avoid risks and trying new things 
D)  travel to another country 
E)  increase your knowledge about the subject

Question 4

Because attribution is perceived differently in Eastern cultures, which response is not likely to be made by a manager from Japan whose department is failing.

Accepted Answer

A)  I take full blame. 
B)  One of our employees was corrupt. 
C)  The organization has not been supportive. 
D)  I will need to reevaluate my strategy. 
E)  The organization has been very supportive. 
A)  I take full blame. 
B)  One of our employees was corrupt. 
C)  The organization has not been supportive. 
D)  I will need to reevaluate my strategy. 
E)  The organization has been very supportive.

Question 5

You are the manager of a development group in a large computer software company. You have decided that it is important for your group to understand the many ways that ethical decisions can be made and you are designing a training program on the subject of ethics. You want to teach the decision criterion that currently dominates business decision-making.
-If you wish to emphasize the importance of making decisions consistent with fundamental liberties and privileges, the focus of your teaching will also be on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarianism 
B)  justice 
C)  rights 
D)  privilege 
E)  service 
A)  utilitarianism 
B)  justice 
C)  rights 
D)  privilege 
E)  service

Question 6

You are part of a group making a decision about whether it is appropriate to discontinue research on a new drug. This new drug would save lives, but it is uncertain whether you can develop it within a reasonable time frame and at a reasonable cost. Your firm has already spent a small fortune on this drug. You have gathered so much information in preparation to making the decision that you are unable to sort the good information from the superfluous data. Well after you have started trying to make a decision, new information comes to light that implies that the drug may be able to be synthesized much more cheaply than was previously thought.
-The group later learns that the drug will be very expensive to manufacture, but the group decides to continue the project so that all the resources already spent on it will not have been wasted. In this case the group has done which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  used the availability bias 
B)  used the anchoring bias 
C)  made an escalation of commitment 
D)  satisficed 
E)  made the ultimate attribution error 
A)  used the availability bias 
B)  used the anchoring bias 
C)  made an escalation of commitment 
D)  satisficed 
E)  made the ultimate attribution error

Question 7

A satisficing solution is satisfactory but not sufficient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which is not one of the steps in the rational decision-making model?

Accepted Answer

A)  defining the problem 
B)  identifying the decision criteria 
C)  evaluating the alternatives 
D)  computing the decision perceptions 
E)  selecting the best alternative 
A)  defining the problem 
B)  identifying the decision criteria 
C)  evaluating the alternatives 
D)  computing the decision perceptions 
E)  selecting the best alternative

Question 9

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarianism, creativity, and rights 
B)  whistle-blowing, rights, and utilitarianism 
C)  history, regulations, and time 
D)  utilitarianism, rights, and justice 
E)  evaluation, reward, and justice 
A)  utilitarianism, creativity, and rights 
B)  whistle-blowing, rights, and utilitarianism 
C)  history, regulations, and time 
D)  utilitarianism, rights, and justice 
E)  evaluation, reward, and justice

Question 10

Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others.

Accepted Answer

a) Selective Perception. Because it is i

Question 11

It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Nikolas needs to come up with a creative design logo for his new client. What should Nikolas do to increase his creativity.

Accepted Answer

A)  Get a calming, relaxing massage and clear his mind to think. 
B)  Get anxious about how important this account is to his firm. 
C)  Put on some up-beat happy music and run ideas by coworkers. 
D)  Think about a sad moment, because emotions stimulate creativity. 
E)  Play meditation music and spend twenty minutes meditating. 
A)  Get a calming, relaxing massage and clear his mind to think. 
B)  Get anxious about how important this account is to his firm. 
C)  Put on some up-beat happy music and run ideas by coworkers. 
D)  Think about a sad moment, because emotions stimulate creativity. 
E)  Play meditation music and spend twenty minutes meditating.

Question 13

Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decisions must be made on how to move from the current state of affairs to some desired state. 
B)  Middle and lower level managers may have different perceptions on how to solve a problem than their underlings or top level managers. 
C)  Decision making is generally by consensus. 
D)  There may be more than one way to solve a problem. 
E)  Before a decision is made, a problem must be perceived to exist. 
A)  Decisions must be made on how to move from the current state of affairs to some desired state. 
B)  Middle and lower level managers may have different perceptions on how to solve a problem than their underlings or top level managers. 
C)  Decision making is generally by consensus. 
D)  There may be more than one way to solve a problem. 
E)  Before a decision is made, a problem must be perceived to exist.

Question 14

What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain behavior differently depending on the meaning we assign to the behavior of the actor?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral theory 
B)  judgment theory 
C)  selective perception theory 
D)  attribution theory 
E)  equality theory 
A)  behavioral theory 
B)  judgment theory 
C)  selective perception theory 
D)  attribution theory 
E)  equality theory

Question 15

Jackson continues to put money into car repair even though he knows the car is a "lemon." This is an example of the availability bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  An employee is late because he was partying late and then overslept. 
B)  An employee is late because of a flat tire. 
C)  An employee was fired because he slept on the job. 
D)  An employee was promoted because he was hard working. 
E)  An employee died from lung cancer after excessive tobacco use. 
A)  An employee is late because he was partying late and then overslept. 
B)  An employee is late because of a flat tire. 
C)  An employee was fired because he slept on the job. 
D)  An employee was promoted because he was hard working. 
E)  An employee died from lung cancer after excessive tobacco use.

Question 17

Mel has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she takes if she follows this model?

Accepted Answer

A)  determine what she needs to take into account when making her decision 
B)  choose a method to cut her expenses 
C)  weigh the relative importance of each of her expenses 
D)  come up with different ways that would either reduce her expenses or increase her income 
E)  evaluate different ways that she could use to either reduce her expenses or increase her income 
A)  determine what she needs to take into account when making her decision 
B)  choose a method to cut her expenses 
C)  weigh the relative importance of each of her expenses 
D)  come up with different ways that would either reduce her expenses or increase her income 
E)  evaluate different ways that she could use to either reduce her expenses or increase her income

Question 18

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain how stereotyping can cause problems for some managers when making ethical decisions. Provide an example.

Accepted Answer

Because one of the criterion of ethical

Question 20

In attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number?

Which of the following is not a way to increase creativity?

Because attribution is perceived differently in Eastern cultures, which response is not likely to be made by a manager from Japan whose department is failing.

A satisficing solution is satisfactory but not sufficient.

Which is not one of the steps in the rational decision-making model?

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others.

It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure.

Nikolas needs to come up with a creative design logo for his new client. What should Nikolas do to increase his creativity.

Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain behavior differently depending on the meaning we assign to the behavior of the actor?

Jackson continues to put money into car repair even though he knows the car is a "lemon." This is an example of the availability bias.

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

Mel has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she takes if she follows this model?

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

Explain how stereotyping can cause problems for some managers when making ethical decisions. Provide an example.

In attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

What Is Organizational Behavior

Foundations of Individual Behavior

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Basic Motivation Concepts

Motivation: From Concept to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Basic Approaches to Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

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Exam 6: Perception and Individual Decision Making

Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the greatest good for the greatest number?

Which of the following is not a way to increase creativity?

Because attribution is perceived differently in Eastern cultures, which response is not likely to be made by a manager from Japan whose department is failing.

A satisficing solution is satisfactory but not sufficient.

Which is not one of the steps in the rational decision-making model?

The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.

Discuss four shortcuts used in judging others.

It has been well documented that individuals escalate commitment to a failing course of action when they view themselves as responsible for the failure.

Nikolas needs to come up with a creative design logo for his new client. What should Nikolas do to increase his creativity.

Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain behavior differently depending on the meaning we assign to the behavior of the actor?

Jackson continues to put money into car repair even though he knows the car is a "lemon." This is an example of the availability bias.

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

Mel has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she takes if she follows this model?

The halo effect occurs because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see.

Explain how stereotyping can cause problems for some managers when making ethical decisions. Provide an example.

In attribution theory, "distinctiveness" refers to whether an individual displays different behaviors in different situations.

What Is Organizational Behavior

Foundations of Individual Behavior

Attitudes and Job Satisfaction

Emotions and Moods

Personality and Values

Basic Motivation Concepts

Motivation: From Concept to Applications

Foundations of Group Behavior

Understanding Work Teams

Communication

Basic Approaches to Leadership

Power and Politics

Conflict and Negotiation

Foundations of Organization Structure

Organizational Culture

Human Resource Policies and Practices

Organizational Change and Stress Management

Filters