Question 1

When blood calcium is low,parathyroid hormone raises levels by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing appetite for calcium containing foods. 
B) activating vitamin D. 
C) reducing calcium excretion by the kidney. 
D) stimulating calcium release from bone. 
A) increasing appetite for calcium containing foods. 
B) activating vitamin D. 
C) reducing calcium excretion by the kidney. 
D) stimulating calcium release from bone.

Question 2

The matrix of bones is:

Accepted Answer

A) a protein framework. 
B) made up primarily of collagen. 
C) imbedded with hydroxyapatite. 
D) All of these are correct. 
A) a protein framework. 
B) made up primarily of collagen. 
C) imbedded with hydroxyapatite. 
D) All of these are correct.

Question 3

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone:

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone. 
B) estrogen. 
C) progesterone. 
D) secretin. 
A) aldosterone. 
B) estrogen. 
C) progesterone. 
D) secretin.

Question 4

Which statement regarding lactose intolerance is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It must be treated with calcium supplements to avoid osteoporosis. 
B) It means a person can eat no dairy products. 
C) The symptoms can be avoided by using products treated with lactase. 
D) Lactose intolerance is common in individuals of all ethnic backgrounds. 
A) It must be treated with calcium supplements to avoid osteoporosis. 
B) It means a person can eat no dairy products. 
C) The symptoms can be avoided by using products treated with lactase. 
D) Lactose intolerance is common in individuals of all ethnic backgrounds.

Question 5

What stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone? What are the specific actions of this hormone?

Accepted Answer

PTH is secreted in response to low blood

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) Muscle contraction 
B) ATP stabilization 
C) Blood pressure regulation 
D) Neurotransmitter release 
A) Muscle contraction 
B) ATP stabilization 
C) Blood pressure regulation 
D) Neurotransmitter release

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of those affected by osteoporosis are women?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 45 
C) 80 
D) >90 
A) 20 
B) 45 
C) 80 
D) >90

Question 8

What are lifestyle factors that affect bone mass?

Accepted Answer

Gender,age,race,family history

Question 9

What are good dietary sources of calcium? Phosphorus? Magnesium?

Accepted Answer

Calcium: yogurt,milk,cheese,sa

Question 10

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

Accepted Answer

A) bones. 
B) extracellular fluid. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) the blood. 
A) bones. 
B) extracellular fluid. 
C) intracellular fluid. 
D) the blood.

Question 11

The hard compact layer found on the surface of bones is called __________ bone.

Accepted Answer

A) cortical 
B) enameled 
C) extrinsic 
D) trabecular 
A) cortical 
B) enameled 
C) extrinsic 
D) trabecular

Question 12

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Accepted Answer

A) Ascorbic acid 
B) Oxalates 
C) Phytates 
D) Tannins 
A) Ascorbic acid 
B) Oxalates 
C) Phytates 
D) Tannins

Question 13

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

A) If dietary calcium is low,both blood and bone levels will decline. 
B) If dietary calcium is low,bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. 
C) If dietary calcium is low,blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. 
D) Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone. 
A) If dietary calcium is low,both blood and bone levels will decline. 
B) If dietary calcium is low,bone calcium is sacrificed to maintain blood calcium. 
C) If dietary calcium is low,blood calcium is sacrificed to maintain bone calcium. 
D) Blood levels of calcium are a good indicator of the calcium status of bone.

Question 14

Describe the role of magnesium as a cofactor,use specific examples.

Accepted Answer

Magnesium is a cofactor for over 300 enz

Question 15

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is __________ mgs/day.

Accepted Answer

A) 500-700 
B) 800-1000 
C) 1000-1200 
D) 1300-1500 
A) 500-700 
B) 800-1000 
C) 1000-1200 
D) 1300-1500

Question 16

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Accepted Answer

A) below the RDA. 
B) at risk of providing toxic levels. 
C) slightly above the RDA. 
D) right at the RDA. 
A) below the RDA. 
B) at risk of providing toxic levels. 
C) slightly above the RDA. 
D) right at the RDA.

Question 17

Which statement concerning magnesium toxicity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It may occur with consumption of Mg-containing laxatives or antacids. 
B) It is characterized by high blood pressure. 
C) It is more common in the elderly with impaired kidney function. 
D) Magnesium toxicity would most likely occur from supplements. 
A) It may occur with consumption of Mg-containing laxatives or antacids. 
B) It is characterized by high blood pressure. 
C) It is more common in the elderly with impaired kidney function. 
D) Magnesium toxicity would most likely occur from supplements.

Question 18

Which statement about the processing of foods is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Processing destroys minerals. 
B) The processing of grains causes the loss of magnesium,selenium and zinc. 
C) Sodium is typically absent in processed foods. 
D) Potassium is often added during food processing. 
A) Processing destroys minerals. 
B) The processing of grains causes the loss of magnesium,selenium and zinc. 
C) Sodium is typically absent in processed foods. 
D) Potassium is often added during food processing.

Question 19

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet?

Accepted Answer

A) Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass. 
B) Post-menopausal women. 
C) Individuals with decreased bone density. 
D) All these groups could benefit. 
A) Young people who have not yet achieved peak bone mass. 
B) Post-menopausal women. 
C) Individuals with decreased bone density. 
D) All these groups could benefit.

Question 20

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) weight bearing exercise. 
B) low body weight. 
C) increased muscle mass. 
D) high body weight and fat. 
A) weight bearing exercise. 
B) low body weight. 
C) increased muscle mass. 
D) high body weight and fat.

Exam 11: Major Minerals and Bone Health

When blood calcium is low,parathyroid hormone raises levels by doing all of the following EXCEPT:

The matrix of bones is:

Postmenopausal bone loss is primarily associated with decreased levels of the hormone:

Which statement regarding lactose intolerance is true?

What stimulates the secretion of parathyroid hormone? What are the specific actions of this hormone?

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium?

Approximately what percentage of those affected by osteoporosis are women?

What are lifestyle factors that affect bone mass?

What are good dietary sources of calcium? Phosphorus? Magnesium?

Most of the magnesium in the body is in:

The hard compact layer found on the surface of bones is called __________ bone.

Which of the following compounds has NOT been found to interfere with mineral absorption?

Which statement describes the relationship of bone calcium to blood calcium?

Describe the role of magnesium as a cofactor,use specific examples.

The recommended intake of calcium for adults is __________ mgs/day.

The typical magnesium intake in the US is:

Which statement concerning magnesium toxicity is FALSE?

Which statement about the processing of foods is true?

Which group could benefit from calcium supplements if needs are not met by diet?

All of the following decrease the risk of osteoporosis EXCEPT:

Nutrition: Food for Health

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus on Biotechnology

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Supplements

Filters