Question 1

_________ are cells that build bone,while _________are cells that break down bone.

Accepted Answer

A) Osteocytes; corticulocytes 
B) Corticulocytes; osteocytes 
C) Osteoblasts; osteoclasts 
D) Osteoclasts; osteoblasts 
A) Osteocytes; corticulocytes 
B) Corticulocytes; osteocytes 
C) Osteoblasts; osteoclasts 
D) Osteoclasts; osteoblasts

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake?

Accepted Answer

A) A lower peak bone mass in young adult females 
B) Problems with cell signaling and regulation 
C) Fractures in the elderly 
D) Development of osteomalacia 
A) A lower peak bone mass in young adult females 
B) Problems with cell signaling and regulation 
C) Fractures in the elderly 
D) Development of osteomalacia

Question 3

The RDA for phosphorus is ______ mg/d for adults.

Accepted Answer

A) 500 
B) 700 
C) 1000 
D) 1200 
A) 500 
B) 700 
C) 1000 
D) 1200

Question 4

How is sulfur different from the other major minerals? Why is there no recommended intake?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur is needed in the diet a

Question 5

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Infants get adequate calcium from breast milk. 
B) Diets high in phytates increase calcium absorption. 
C) Pregnant women need more calcium to supply the needs of the growing fetus. 
D) Women who breast feed need more calcium in their diets. 
A) Infants get adequate calcium from breast milk. 
B) Diets high in phytates increase calcium absorption. 
C) Pregnant women need more calcium to supply the needs of the growing fetus. 
D) Women who breast feed need more calcium in their diets.

Question 6

Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They can be toxic. 
B) Supplements of one mineral can decrease the bioavailability of other minerals. 
C) Supplements can help individuals meet their dietary needs. 
D) They should always be avoided. 
A) They can be toxic. 
B) Supplements of one mineral can decrease the bioavailability of other minerals. 
C) Supplements can help individuals meet their dietary needs. 
D) They should always be avoided.

Question 7

Calcium absorption is highest in:

Accepted Answer

A) infancy. 
B) young adults. 
C) older adults. 
D) after menopause. 
A) infancy. 
B) young adults. 
C) older adults. 
D) after menopause.

Question 8

Whether an element is classified as a major or as a trace mineral is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A) the amounts needed daily by the body. 
B) where they are absorbed in the digestive tract. 
C) how critical they are for metabolic processes. 
D) where they are found on the periodic table. 
A) the amounts needed daily by the body. 
B) where they are absorbed in the digestive tract. 
C) how critical they are for metabolic processes. 
D) where they are found on the periodic table.

Question 9

After 35 to 45 years of age:

Accepted Answer

A) bone formation exceeds bone breakdown. 
B) bone formation is equal to bone breakdown. 
C) bone breakdown exceeds bone formation. 
D) the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily. 
A) bone formation exceeds bone breakdown. 
B) bone formation is equal to bone breakdown. 
C) bone breakdown exceeds bone formation. 
D) the skeleton is typically weak and fractures easily.

Question 10

When phosphorus intake is high,the most likely consequence is that:

Accepted Answer

A) blood levels rise drastically. 
B) less is absorbed across the intestine. 
C) more is lost in the urine. 
D) it is stored in additional creatine phosphate. 
A) blood levels rise drastically. 
B) less is absorbed across the intestine. 
C) more is lost in the urine. 
D) it is stored in additional creatine phosphate.

Question 11

Which statement about phosphorus is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Toxicity is common in the U.S.because of increased use of phosphorus-containing food additives. 
B) Toxicity causes uncontrolled muscle contractions. 
C) Toxicity may cause bone resorption. 
D) High intake increases the energy available to cells,eventually leading to exhaustion. 
A) Toxicity is common in the U.S.because of increased use of phosphorus-containing food additives. 
B) Toxicity causes uncontrolled muscle contractions. 
C) Toxicity may cause bone resorption. 
D) High intake increases the energy available to cells,eventually leading to exhaustion.

Question 12

Which of the following groups is LEAST at risk for phosphorus deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A) Healthy adults 
B) Vegans 
C) Elderly 
D) Alcoholics 
A) Healthy adults 
B) Vegans 
C) Elderly 
D) Alcoholics

Question 13

How do phytates,tannins and oxalates affect the absorption of minerals?

Accepted Answer

Phytates,tannins,and

Question 14

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A) Fluoride treatment 
B) Hormone replacement therapy 
C) Supplemental vitamin C 
D) Aerobic exercise plus multi-vitamins 
A) Fluoride treatment 
B) Hormone replacement therapy 
C) Supplemental vitamin C 
D) Aerobic exercise plus multi-vitamins

Question 15

Which of the following is true about minerals?

Accepted Answer

A) Minerals are organic molecules. 
B) Minerals can be structural components. 
C) Minerals are destroyed by heat. 
D) All of these statements are true. 
A) Minerals are organic molecules. 
B) Minerals can be structural components. 
C) Minerals are destroyed by heat. 
D) All of these statements are true.

Question 16

Explain the process of bone remodeling.

Accepted Answer

Bone is a living,metabolically

Question 17

Helen is 53 years old,her daughter Sharon is 27 years old and her granddaughter,Mikayla,is 5.
A)What is the probable status of bone density in each of these three females?
B)What lifestyle risk factors are associated with osteoporosis?
C)What can each of the three females do to decrease the risk of osteoporosis in their lifetimes?

Accepted Answer

A.Helen is probably suffering from age-r

Question 18

Calcium in the blood can be measured.Is this a good indicator of bone health? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Blood calcium is not a good indicator of

Question 19

As calcium intake increases:

Accepted Answer

A) the percentage absorbed declines. 
B) active transport becomes more important. 
C) more vitamin C is required. 
D) more iron is absorbed. 
A) the percentage absorbed declines. 
B) active transport becomes more important. 
C) more vitamin C is required. 
D) more iron is absorbed.

Question 20

Which statement about age-related bone loss is true?

Accepted Answer

A) It occurs primarily in females. 
B) It is not typically associated with any dietary changes. 
C) Age related bone loss proceeds at ~0.3-0.5% per year. 
D) It is usually related to over-activation of vitamin D in the kidney. 
A) It occurs primarily in females. 
B) It is not typically associated with any dietary changes. 
C) Age related bone loss proceeds at ~0.3-0.5% per year. 
D) It is usually related to over-activation of vitamin D in the kidney.

Exam 11: Major Minerals and Bone Health

_________ are cells that build bone,while _________are cells that break down bone.

Which of the following is NOT likely to result from prolonged low calcium intake?

The RDA for phosphorus is ______ mg/d for adults.

How is sulfur different from the other major minerals? Why is there no recommended intake?

Which of the following statements regarding calcium is true?

Which statement about mineral supplements is FALSE?

Calcium absorption is highest in:

Whether an element is classified as a major or as a trace mineral is determined by:

After 35 to 45 years of age:

When phosphorus intake is high,the most likely consequence is that:

Which statement about phosphorus is correct?

Which of the following groups is LEAST at risk for phosphorus deficiency?

How do phytates,tannins and oxalates affect the absorption of minerals?

Which of the following has been the most effective in decreasing post-menopausal bone loss?

Which of the following is true about minerals?

Explain the process of bone remodeling.

Calcium in the blood can be measured.Is this a good indicator of bone health? Why or why not?

As calcium intake increases:

Which statement about age-related bone loss is true?

Nutrition: Food for Health

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Proteins and Amino Acids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus on Biotechnology

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Supplements

Filters

_ are cells that build bone,while _are cells that break down bone.