Question 1

Protein complementation is a technique which:

Accepted Answer

A) increases the biological value of a protein. 
B) increases the nitrogen content of dietary protein sources. 
C) minimizes nitrogen loss in the urine. 
D) combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids requirements are met. 
A) increases the biological value of a protein. 
B) increases the nitrogen content of dietary protein sources. 
C) minimizes nitrogen loss in the urine. 
D) combines proteins from different sources so that essential amino acids requirements are met. D

Question 2

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

Accepted Answer

A) monosaccharides. 
B) amino acids. 
C) sterols. 
D) ketone bodies. 
A) monosaccharides. 
B) amino acids. 
C) sterols. 
D) ketone bodies. B

Question 3

Transamination refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a nonessential amino acid. 
B) the removal of the amine group from an amino acid. 
C) the interaction of amino acid side chains important for protein folding. 
D) the formation of a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids. 
A) the transfer of an amino group from one amino acid to a carbon-containing molecule to form a nonessential amino acid. 
B) the removal of the amine group from an amino acid. 
C) the interaction of amino acid side chains important for protein folding. 
D) the formation of a peptide bond between adjacent amino acids. A

Question 4

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin:

Accepted Answer

A) break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. 
B) are needed to denature proteins. 
C) rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. 
D) are needed to make nonessential amino acids. 
A) break large polypeptides into smaller peptides. 
B) are needed to denature proteins. 
C) rearrange the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide. 
D) are needed to make nonessential amino acids.

Question 5

Excessive intake of animal protein foods could cause:

Accepted Answer

A) excessive bone mineralization,causing brittleness. 
B) a diet to be too low in energy. 
C) increased waste production overworking the liver. 
D) an increased risk of heart disease. 
A) excessive bone mineralization,causing brittleness. 
B) a diet to be too low in energy. 
C) increased waste production overworking the liver. 
D) an increased risk of heart disease.

Question 6

Hemoglobin is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) a defense protein. 
B) a transport protein. 
C) an enzyme. 
D) an immune protein (antibody). 
A) a defense protein. 
B) a transport protein. 
C) an enzyme. 
D) an immune protein (antibody).

Question 7

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. 
B) Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. 
C) If one amino acid is supplemented,it can slow the absorption of other amino acids. 
D) Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine. 
A) Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults. 
B) Groups of similar amino acids share the same transport system. 
C) If one amino acid is supplemented,it can slow the absorption of other amino acids. 
D) Dipeptides and tripeptides are broken down to individual amino acids before leaving the mucosal cells of the small intestine.

Question 8

Complete protein sources can be found in which MyPyramid food group?

Accepted Answer

A) Fats and oils 
B) Fruits and vegetables 
C) Dairy 
D) Grains 
A) Fats and oils 
B) Fruits and vegetables 
C) Dairy 
D) Grains

Question 9

A complete dietary protein:

Accepted Answer

A) contains the element sulfur. 
B) has been hydrolyzed so that digestion is not necessary. 
C) provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis. 
D) has a low biological value. 
A) contains the element sulfur. 
B) has been hydrolyzed so that digestion is not necessary. 
C) provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis. 
D) has a low biological value.

Question 10

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by

Accepted Answer

A) the types of food proteins that a person consumes. 
B) DNA found in the nucleus of cells. 
C) GI tract peptidases. 
D) random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells. 
A) the types of food proteins that a person consumes. 
B) DNA found in the nucleus of cells. 
C) GI tract peptidases. 
D) random interactions between free amino acids in the cytoplasm of cells.

Question 11

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) severe protein deficiency in young children. 
B) increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. 
C) misshapen (sickle-shaped)red blood cells. 
D) the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins. 
A) severe protein deficiency in young children. 
B) increased susceptibility to food allergies in adults. 
C) misshapen (sickle-shaped)red blood cells. 
D) the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins.

Question 12

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) increased susceptibility to food allergies. 
B) wasting and increased susceptibility to infection. 
C) excessive urinary output. 
D) hyperglycemia. 
A) increased susceptibility to food allergies. 
B) wasting and increased susceptibility to infection. 
C) excessive urinary output. 
D) hyperglycemia.

Question 13

Which metabolic waste product increases when amino acids are converted to other metabolic intermediates?

Accepted Answer

A) Ammonia 
B) Pyruvate 
C) CO2 
D) Bilirubin 
A) Ammonia 
B) Pyruvate 
C) CO2 
D) Bilirubin

Question 14

Protein complementation is most important for people who are:

Accepted Answer

A) vegan vegetarians. 
B) recovering from surgery. 
C) lacto-ovo vegetarians. 
D) consumers of both plant and animal foods. 
A) vegan vegetarians. 
B) recovering from surgery. 
C) lacto-ovo vegetarians. 
D) consumers of both plant and animal foods.

Question 15

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods:

Accepted Answer

A) are typically good sources of fiber. 
B) may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats. 
C) may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. 
D) All of these statements are correct. 
A) are typically good sources of fiber. 
B) may contain healthy poly- and mono- unsaturated fats. 
C) may lower blood cholesterol when consumed regularly. 
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes?

Accepted Answer

A) Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. 
B) Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. 
C) It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. 
D) All of these statements are correct. 
A) Strength and endurance athletes may require 50-100% more protein than the RDA. 
B) Protein supplements are not typically necessary as long as kcal needs are met. 
C) It is unlikely that protein requirements in excess of the AMDR would be required. 
D) All of these statements are correct.

Question 17

Which statement about dietary protein sources is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Animal products are the most highly concentrated sources of protein. 
B) Plant sources of protein are typically rich in fiber and phytochemicals. 
C) Legumes provide about as much protein per ½ cup serving as a cup of milk. 
D) Most people in the U.S.need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements. 
A) Animal products are the most highly concentrated sources of protein. 
B) Plant sources of protein are typically rich in fiber and phytochemicals. 
C) Legumes provide about as much protein per ½ cup serving as a cup of milk. 
D) Most people in the U.S.need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements.

Question 18

Protein quality is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A) comparing the non-essential amino acid profile in a food with that in a reference protein. 
B) the biological activity of the actin and myosin filaments in meat products. 
C) how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins. 
D) the ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in a food. 
A) comparing the non-essential amino acid profile in a food with that in a reference protein. 
B) the biological activity of the actin and myosin filaments in meat products. 
C) how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins. 
D) the ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in a food.

Question 19

The process of ___________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) transcription. 
B) nuclear shuttling. 
C) transamination. 
D) translation. 
A) transcription. 
B) nuclear shuttling. 
C) transamination. 
D) translation.

Question 20

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) an amino group. 
B) an acid group. 
C) a phosphate group. 
D) a side chain (functional group). 
A) an amino group. 
B) an acid group. 
C) a phosphate group. 
D) a side chain (functional group).

Exam 6: Proteins and Amino Acids

Protein complementation is a technique which:

The basic building blocks of proteins are:

Transamination refers to:

The enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin:

Excessive intake of animal protein foods could cause:

Hemoglobin is an example of:

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE?

Complete protein sources can be found in which MyPyramid food group?

A complete dietary protein:

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by:

Protein-energy malnutrition is characterized by:

Which metabolic waste product increases when amino acids are converted to other metabolic intermediates?

Protein complementation is most important for people who are:

Obtaining protein from plant foods may be advantageous because plant foods:

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes?

Which statement about dietary protein sources is FALSE?

Protein quality is determined by:

The process of ___________ involves copying the DNA code from the gene to a molecule of mRNA.

All of the following components are always associated with an amino acid EXCEPT:

Nutrition: Food for Health

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates: Sugars, Starches, and Fibre

Lipids

Energy Balance and Weight Management

The Water-Soluble Vitamins

The Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Water and the Electrolytes

Major Minerals and Bone Health

The Trace Elements

Nutrition and Physical Activity

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition From Infancy to Adolescence

Nutrition and Aging: the Adult Years

Food Safety

World Hunger and Malnutrition

Focus On Alcohol

Focus on Biotechnology

Focus On Eating Disorders

Focus On Phytochemicals

Focus on Supplements

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