Question 1

How do sugars form cyclic hemiacetals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two molecules of a sugar react with one another. 
B)  A molecule of sugar reacts with an added alcohol. 
C)  A molecule of sugar reacts with itself. 
D)  A molecule of sugar reacts with an added aldehyde. 
E)  A sugar molecule decomposes. 
A)  Two molecules of a sugar react with one another. 
B)  A molecule of sugar reacts with an added alcohol. 
C)  A molecule of sugar reacts with itself. 
D)  A molecule of sugar reacts with an added aldehyde. 
E)  A sugar molecule decomposes.

Question 2

Acetone would give a positive Tollens test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The suffix -one indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Low-molecular-weight ketones are soluble in water. What is the shortest length of the carbon chain where insolubility becomes important?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  eight 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  five 
E)  eight

Question 6

Propanal is more soluble than pentanal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An enantiomer is

Accepted Answer

A)  a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule. 
B)  a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule. 
C)  a diastereoisomer. 
D)  a structural isomer. 
E)  a cis-trans isomer. 
A)  a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule. 
B)  a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule. 
C)  a diastereoisomer. 
D)  a structural isomer. 
E)  a cis-trans isomer.

Question 8

A hemiacetal has alkoxy and hydroxyl functional groups bonded to the same carbon.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

Accepted Answer

A)  methylcyclohexanone 
B)  2,5-dimethylcyclohexanone 
C)  1,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexanone 
D)  cyclohexyl methyl ketone 
E)  1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexanone 
A)  methylcyclohexanone 
B)  2,5-dimethylcyclohexanone 
C)  1,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexanone 
D)  cyclohexyl methyl ketone 
E)  1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexanone

Question 10

The increased boiling point of ketones compared to alkanes and ethers of similar mass is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonding. 
B)  dipole-dipole interactions. 
C)  a bent chain structure. 
D)  resonance. 
E)  ionic interactions. 
A)  hydrogen bonding. 
B)  dipole-dipole interactions. 
C)  a bent chain structure. 
D)  resonance. 
E)  ionic interactions.

Question 11

Glucose forms a cyclic hemiacetal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the IUPAC naming system, a ketone is named by replacing the -e in the corresponding alkane name with

Accepted Answer

A)  yne. 
B)  ene. 
C)  al. 
D)  one. 
E)  ol. 
A)  yne. 
B)  ene. 
C)  al. 
D)  one. 
E)  ol.

Question 14

In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Primary alcohols are oxidized to ketones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of these compounds is the hemiacetal that forms when ethanol reacts with propanal?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 17

Which of the following compounds contains a ketone functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)  CH3CH₂OCH₂CH3 
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)  CH3CH₂OCH₂CH3 
D)    
E)

Question 18

Formaldehyde is used industrially to make

Accepted Answer

A)  polymers. 
B)  insulating materials. 
C)  carpeting. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  polymers. 
B)  insulating materials. 
C)  carpeting. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 19

Achiral compounds are those which

Accepted Answer

A)  have no "handedness." 
B)  have different mirror images. 
C)  are non-superimposable. 
D)  have the same formula but different structures. 
E)  are a racemic mixture. 
A)  have no "handedness." 
B)  have different mirror images. 
C)  are non-superimposable. 
D)  have the same formula but different structures. 
E)  are a racemic mixture.

Question 20

The biological activity of one of a set of enantiomers may be very different from the biological activity of the other optical isomers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 14: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

How do sugars form cyclic hemiacetals?

Acetone would give a positive Tollens test.

The suffix -one indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Low-molecular-weight ketones are soluble in water. What is the shortest length of the carbon chain where insolubility becomes important?

Propanal is more soluble than pentanal.

An enantiomer is

A hemiacetal has alkoxy and hydroxyl functional groups bonded to the same carbon.

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

The increased boiling point of ketones compared to alkanes and ethers of similar mass is due to

Glucose forms a cyclic hemiacetal.

Enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

In the IUPAC naming system, a ketone is named by replacing the -e in the corresponding alkane name with

In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Primary alcohols are oxidized to ketones.

Which of these compounds is the hemiacetal that forms when ethanol reacts with propanal?

Which of the following compounds contains a ketone functional group?

Formaldehyde is used industrially to make

Achiral compounds are those which

The biological activity of one of a set of enantiomers may be very different from the biological activity of the other optical isomers.

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