Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes and Cures

Social psychologist Janet Swim (1994)has collected data that suggest that gender stereotypes

Which of the following statements about in-groups is true?

Fiona isn't really sure what to believe about Indian immigrants to England,but she knows what her parents and friends think.Because she is concerned with being accepted by these important people in her life,Fiona adopts their beliefs and feelings about this out-group.This example best illustrates ____ as a source of prejudicial attitudes.

Amelia is trying hard to explain to Ricardo why women should not be restricted to the home.Even though Ricardo has no firm basis for his beliefs,Amelia's logical arguments fail to persuade him in this case because

Christians have historically committed the ____ when they attributed Jews' banking and money-lending to ____.

Recall that George Quattrone and Edward E.Jones (1980)showed rival Princeton and Rutgers students videotapes of decisions made by a male character.Half the time the character was allegedly from the participants' university,and half the time,he was from the rival university.Participants then predicted what percentage of students at that university would make a decision similar to the target's.In support of their "out-group homogeneity" hypothesis,Quattrone and Jones found that participants viewed one person's behavior as predictive of his group when

John says he is against the practice of bussing,but it turns out that he has no objections when his own children are bussed to a school in an all-white neighborhood.This suggests that John's attitude towards bussing is a result of

Deborah Stipek and Heidi Galinksi (1991)found that junior high school girls tend to attribute their success in math to ____,whereas boys tend to attribute their success to ____.

Keep in mind research conducted by Deborah Stipek and Heidi Galinski (1991),who studied junior high school students' attributions for success and failure.Based on this research,which of the following people would be most likely to say,"It had to be the luck of the draw?"

Jamal and Tina just earned the top two scores on their calculus examination.In response to this good news,Tina is likely to say ____ whereas Jamal is likely to say ____.

Modern racism is ____ than "traditional" prejudice.

In a study by Stone and his colleagues (1999),when Caucasian and African-American participants played a game of miniature golf,the Caucasian participants outperformed African Americans when the game was framed as ____,but African-American participants outperformed Caucasian participants when the game was framed as ____.

Recall that Jeff Greenberg and Tom Pyszczynski (1985)showed participants a debate between an African American and a European American and asked them to rate the debaters' skills.After the debate,in one condition,a confederate made a hostile racist comment about the debaters' skills; in another,a confederate made a nonracist comment,and in a third condition,no comment was made.These researchers found that when participants overheard a racist comment,their ratings of the African American

How does group membership-even in minimal groups-contribute to prejudice and discrimination?

A number of colleges,universities,and corporations are encouraged to hire equally qualified women and minorities for high status positions.In support of this practice,some argue that the paucity of women and minorities inadvertently communicates to students and workers that members of these groups are not as competent or worthy of consideration.In essence,those who support the diversification of the workforce point to ____ as a source of negative stereotypes and prejudice.

Since the 1940s,the text reports that levels of blatant prejudice in the U.S.have

Describe how the jigsaw classroom technique fosters cooperation and interdependence in the cooperative classroom.

____ refers to the idea that because people have learned to hide prejudiced attitudes to avoid allegations of racism,they reveal their prejudice in more subtle and indirect ways.

Describe how institutionalized sexism or racism can contribute to individual prejudice.

When we have unwittingly caused our stereotypic expectations to be confirmed by an out-group member's behavior,we have actually created a(n)