Question 1

____ refers to an attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based solely on their group membership.

Accepted Answer

A) Discrimination 
B) Stereotypes 
C) Racism 
D) Prejudice 
A) Discrimination 
B) Stereotypes 
C) Racism 
D) Prejudice

Question 2

When prejudiced people say,"They all look alike to me," they are illustrating the

Accepted Answer

A) out-group homogeneity bias. 
B) in-group bias. 
C) illusory correlation. 
D) ultimate attribution error. 
A) out-group homogeneity bias. 
B) in-group bias. 
C) illusory correlation. 
D) ultimate attribution error.

Question 3

Jason is a basketball player,loves the Rolling Stones,and is a patriot.Who would be an out-group member,based on his identity?

Accepted Answer

A) Robbie,a groupie of the Rolling Stones 
B) Jill,who plays basketball for her high school 
C) Alice,who is a pro-life demonstrator 
D) Barry,who loves the United States and all that it stands for 
A) Robbie,a groupie of the Rolling Stones 
B) Jill,who plays basketball for her high school 
C) Alice,who is a pro-life demonstrator 
D) Barry,who loves the United States and all that it stands for

Question 4

According to realistic conflict theory,prejudice and discrimination often follow from

Accepted Answer

A) negative stereotypes. 
B) scarce resources. 
C) losing out-group status. 
D) frustration. 
A) negative stereotypes. 
B) scarce resources. 
C) losing out-group status. 
D) frustration.

Question 5

Crandall and his colleagues (2001)have shown that when most people are confronted with evidence of an inequitable outcome that is difficult to explain,they will

Accepted Answer

A) revise their stereotypes. 
B) blame the victim. 
C) believe in a just world. 
D) abandon their belief in a just world. 
A) revise their stereotypes. 
B) blame the victim. 
C) believe in a just world. 
D) abandon their belief in a just world.

Question 6

In what way is scapegoating different from realistic conflict as a source of prejudice,discrimination,and inter-group conflict?

Accepted Answer

Realistic conflict theory posits that pr

Question 7

Like Aronson and his colleagues (Aronson & Bridgeman,1979; Aronson & Thibodeau,1992),Samuel Gaertner and his colleagues (1990)have evaluated the effectiveness of cooperative learning technique.Gaertner and his colleagues believe that one reason why such techniques work is that small,cooperative learning groups

Accepted Answer

A) break down in-group and out-group categories into a perception of a single group. 
B) are more likely to follow egalitarian norms. 
C) provide for contact between members of different racial and ethnic groups. 
D) are more pleasant and thus reduce academic frustration. 
A) break down in-group and out-group categories into a perception of a single group. 
B) are more likely to follow egalitarian norms. 
C) provide for contact between members of different racial and ethnic groups. 
D) are more pleasant and thus reduce academic frustration.

Question 8

An in-group is a group with which individuals

Accepted Answer

A) cooperate. 
B) communicate. 
C) identify. 
D) affiliate. 
A) cooperate. 
B) communicate. 
C) identify. 
D) affiliate.

Question 9

According to your text,what is one reason why early attempts at desegregation failed?

Accepted Answer

A) Children were too prejudiced. 
B) Teachers were modeling discrimination. 
C) Students were not of equal status. 
D) Students worked together and cheated off of each other. 
A) Children were too prejudiced. 
B) Teachers were modeling discrimination. 
C) Students were not of equal status. 
D) Students worked together and cheated off of each other.

Question 10

Recall that Galen Bodenhausen and Robert Wyer (1985)systematically varied the contents of prisoners' (fictitious)parole files provided to participants.When the prisoners' crimes were consistent with participants' stereotypes,they were harsher in their parole decisions.Practically speaking,results of this study support the policy of

Accepted Answer

A) allowing prisoners to speak on their own behalf during such hearings. 
B) removing information about race or ethnicity from parole files. 
C) educating members of parole boards about the causes and consequences of prejudice. 
D) only allowing people of the prisoner's same race on the parole board. 
A) allowing prisoners to speak on their own behalf during such hearings. 
B) removing information about race or ethnicity from parole files. 
C) educating members of parole boards about the causes and consequences of prejudice. 
D) only allowing people of the prisoner's same race on the parole board.

Question 11

Recall that Ronnie Janoff-Bulman and her colleagues (1985)provided college student participants with a description of a woman's friendly behavior.In addition,some participants were told that the woman was raped by the man,whereas others were provided no such information.When participants judged the appropriateness of the woman's behavior,

Accepted Answer

A) men in the "rape" condition engaged in victim blame,but the women didn't. 
B) participants in the "rape" condition judged the woman's behavior as inappropriate. 
C) only participants who believed in a just world blamed the victim. 
D) female participants were better able to empathize with the rape victim. 
A) men in the "rape" condition engaged in victim blame,but the women didn't. 
B) participants in the "rape" condition judged the woman's behavior as inappropriate. 
C) only participants who believed in a just world blamed the victim. 
D) female participants were better able to empathize with the rape victim.

Question 12

Many years ago,advertisers aired a TV commercial for decaffeinated coffee.A daughter complains to her mother,"Sure,you're tense and irritable,but don't take it out on me!" This commercial captures the essence of the ____ theory of prejudice.

Accepted Answer

A) victim blame 
B) scapegoat 
C) realistic conflict 
D) modern racism 
A) victim blame 
B) scapegoat 
C) realistic conflict 
D) modern racism

Question 13

A woman would be most likely to experience stereotype threat when completing

Accepted Answer

A) a calculus examination. 
B) a vocational interest questionnaire. 
C) a gender-neutral task. 
D) an English assignment. 
A) a calculus examination. 
B) a vocational interest questionnaire. 
C) a gender-neutral task. 
D) an English assignment.

Question 14

According to the authors,because the number of blatant acts of prejudice and discrimination in the United States has declined,prejudice has now

Accepted Answer

A) gone underground and become more overt. 
B) gone underground and become more covert.. 
C) become a thing of the past. 
D) become irrelevant to the lives of students today. 
A) gone underground and become more overt. 
B) gone underground and become more covert.. 
C) become a thing of the past. 
D) become irrelevant to the lives of students today.

Question 15

____ psychologists have argued that men and women differ on domains that have historically posed different adaptive problems.

Accepted Answer

A) Evolutionary 
B) Personality 
C) Social 
D) Sex-role 
A) Evolutionary 
B) Personality 
C) Social 
D) Sex-role

Question 16

If Julie identifies herself as a woman,a mother,and a teacher,who would not be another in-group member for her?

Accepted Answer

A) Jake,a high-school math teacher 
B) Lucy,who waits tables as the corner diner 
C) Bill,an accountant 
D) Mary,a mother of three 
A) Jake,a high-school math teacher 
B) Lucy,who waits tables as the corner diner 
C) Bill,an accountant 
D) Mary,a mother of three

Question 17

The process whereby frustrated and angry people displace their aggression from its real source to a convenient target is called

Accepted Answer

A) blaming the victim. 
B) displacement. 
C) scapegoating. 
D) symbolic aggression. 
A) blaming the victim. 
B) displacement. 
C) scapegoating. 
D) symbolic aggression.

Question 18

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution about an entire group of people is called the

Accepted Answer

A) fundamental attribution error. 
B) ultimate attribution error. 
C) out-group homogeneity bias. 
D) actor/observer effect. 
A) fundamental attribution error. 
B) ultimate attribution error. 
C) out-group homogeneity bias. 
D) actor/observer effect.

Question 19

In the past,journalists would routinely report the race of an alleged criminal when he or she was black,but not when he or she was white.This media practice was likely to confirm in some readers' minds the tendency of African Americans to commit criminal behavior.This phenomenon illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) a liberal media bias. 
B) automatic activation of stereotypes. 
C) illusory correlation. 
D) cognitive busyness. 
A) a liberal media bias. 
B) automatic activation of stereotypes. 
C) illusory correlation. 
D) cognitive busyness.

Question 20

Recall that researchers,starting with Katz and Braly (1933),examined the stereotypes held by Princeton students over the course of the twentieth century.Which of the following is false about these findings?

Accepted Answer

A) Analyses of stereotypes show that there is a general consistency or agreement between people as to what the stereotypes are. 
B) Over the course of the twentieth century,the stereotypes of different ethnic groups became less negative. 
C) Over the course of the twentieth century,people became more uncomfortable about completing the task. 
D) Over the course of the twentieth century,people became less knowledgeable about what the stereotypes are. 
A) Analyses of stereotypes show that there is a general consistency or agreement between people as to what the stereotypes are. 
B) Over the course of the twentieth century,the stereotypes of different ethnic groups became less negative. 
C) Over the course of the twentieth century,people became more uncomfortable about completing the task. 
D) Over the course of the twentieth century,people became less knowledgeable about what the stereotypes are.

____ refers to an attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based solely on their group membership.

When prejudiced people say,"They all look alike to me," they are illustrating the

Jason is a basketball player,loves the Rolling Stones,and is a patriot.Who would be an out-group member,based on his identity?

According to realistic conflict theory,prejudice and discrimination often follow from

Crandall and his colleagues (2001)have shown that when most people are confronted with evidence of an inequitable outcome that is difficult to explain,they will

In what way is scapegoating different from realistic conflict as a source of prejudice,discrimination,and inter-group conflict?

An in-group is a group with which individuals

According to your text,what is one reason why early attempts at desegregation failed?

Many years ago,advertisers aired a TV commercial for decaffeinated coffee.A daughter complains to her mother,"Sure,you're tense and irritable,but don't take it out on me!" This commercial captures the essence of the ____ theory of prejudice.

A woman would be most likely to experience stereotype threat when completing

According to the authors,because the number of blatant acts of prejudice and discrimination in the United States has declined,prejudice has now

____ psychologists have argued that men and women differ on domains that have historically posed different adaptive problems.

If Julie identifies herself as a woman,a mother,and a teacher,who would not be another in-group member for her?

The process whereby frustrated and angry people displace their aggression from its real source to a convenient target is called

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution about an entire group of people is called the

In the past,journalists would routinely report the race of an alleged criminal when he or she was black,but not when he or she was white.This media practice was likely to confirm in some readers' minds the tendency of African Americans to commit criminal behavior.This phenomenon illustrates

Recall that researchers,starting with Katz and Braly (1933),examined the stereotypes held by Princeton students over the course of the twentieth century.Which of the following is false about these findings?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Filters

Exam 13: Prejudice: Causes and Cures

____ refers to an attitude toward a distinguishable group of people based solely on their group membership.

When prejudiced people say,"They all look alike to me," they are illustrating the

Jason is a basketball player,loves the Rolling Stones,and is a patriot.Who would be an out-group member,based on his identity?

According to realistic conflict theory,prejudice and discrimination often follow from

Crandall and his colleagues (2001)have shown that when most people are confronted with evidence of an inequitable outcome that is difficult to explain,they will

In what way is scapegoating different from realistic conflict as a source of prejudice,discrimination,and inter-group conflict?

An in-group is a group with which individuals

According to your text,what is one reason why early attempts at desegregation failed?

Many years ago,advertisers aired a TV commercial for decaffeinated coffee.A daughter complains to her mother,"Sure,you're tense and irritable,but don't take it out on me!" This commercial captures the essence of the ____ theory of prejudice.

A woman would be most likely to experience stereotype threat when completing

According to the authors,because the number of blatant acts of prejudice and discrimination in the United States has declined,prejudice has now

____ psychologists have argued that men and women differ on domains that have historically posed different adaptive problems.

If Julie identifies herself as a woman,a mother,and a teacher,who would not be another in-group member for her?

The process whereby frustrated and angry people displace their aggression from its real source to a convenient target is called

The tendency to make a dispositional attribution about an entire group of people is called the

In the past,journalists would routinely report the race of an alleged criminal when he or she was black,but not when he or she was white.This media practice was likely to confirm in some readers' minds the tendency of African Americans to commit criminal behavior.This phenomenon illustrates

Recall that researchers,starting with Katz and Braly (1933),examined the stereotypes held by Princeton students over the course of the twentieth century.Which of the following is false about these findings?

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People

Filters