Question 1

Figure 10.1
-Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 10.1. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II 
A)  I only 
B)  II only 
C)  III only 
D)  I and II

Question 2

Figure 10.4
-A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in Figure 10.4. If a female of this species has one chromosome 12 with a blue gene and another chromosome 12 with an orange gene, and has both number 19 chromosomes with short genes, she will produce which of the following egg types?

Accepted Answer

A)  only blue short gene eggs 
B)  only orange short gene eggs 
C)  one-half blue short and one-half orange short gene eggs 
D)  three-fourths blue short and one-fourth orange short gene eggs 
A)  only blue short gene eggs 
B)  only orange short gene eggs 
C)  one-half blue short and one-half orange short gene eggs 
D)  three-fourths blue short and one-fourth orange short gene eggs

Question 3

Figure 10.1
-In part III of Figure 10.1, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?

Accepted Answer

A)  zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis 
B)  sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization 
C)  fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte 
D)  gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote 
A)  zygote, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, fertilization, zygote, mitosis 
B)  sporophyte, meiosis, spore, mitosis, gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, fertilization 
C)  fertilization, mitosis, multicellular haploid, mitosis, spores, sporophyte 
D)  gametophyte, meiosis, zygote, spores, sporophyte, zygote

Question 4

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N.
-Which of these statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). 
B)  Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a haploid (n), single-celled zygote. 
C)  At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. 
D)  Sexual life cycles among different types of organisms are identical with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization. 
A)  In humans, the 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XX) or male (XY). 
B)  Single, haploid (n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a haploid (n), single-celled zygote. 
C)  At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce diploid gametes by meiosis. 
D)  Sexual life cycles among different types of organisms are identical with respect to the relative timing of meiosis and fertilization.

Question 5

Figure 10.3
-You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 10.3. Which sample(s) might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  both I and II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  both I and II

Question 6

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  length and position of the centromere only 
B)  length, centromere position, and staining pattern only 
C)  length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes 
D)  length, centromere position, staining pattern, and DNA sequences 
A)  length and position of the centromere only 
B)  length, centromere position, and staining pattern only 
C)  length, centromere position, staining pattern, and traits coded for by their genes 
D)  length, centromere position, staining pattern, and DNA sequences

Question 7

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N.
-Which of these is a way that the sexual life cycle increases genetic variation in a species?

Accepted Answer

A)  by allowing crossing over 
B)  by allowing an increase in cell number 
C)  by increasing gene stability 
D)  by conserving chromosomal gene order 
E)  by decreasing mutation frequency 
A)  by allowing crossing over 
B)  by allowing an increase in cell number 
C)  by increasing gene stability 
D)  by conserving chromosomal gene order 
E)  by decreasing mutation frequency

Question 8

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. prophase I V. prophase II
II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II
III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II
IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II
-Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B)  the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. 
C)  the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D)  the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes. 
A)  the random and independent way in which each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I. 
B)  the random nature of the fertilization of ova by sperm. 
C)  the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II. 
D)  the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes.

Question 9

Figure 10.4
-A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in Figure 10.4. A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set composed of one blue and one short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
C)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a three-fourths chance of having blue long, one-fourth blue short, three-fourths orange long, or one-fourth orange short combinations. 
A)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
C)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a three-fourths chance of having blue long, one-fourth blue short, three-fourths orange long, or one-fourth orange short combinations.

Question 10

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division malfunctions, and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis in her ovary 
B)  telophase II of one meiotic event 
C)  telophase I of one meiotic event 
D)  either anaphase I or II 
A)  mitosis in her ovary 
B)  telophase II of one meiotic event 
C)  telophase I of one meiotic event 
D)  either anaphase I or II

Question 11

Figure 10.4
-A certain (hypothetical) organism is diploid, has either blue or orange wings as the consequence of one of its genes on chromosome 12, and has either long or short antennae as the result of a second gene on chromosome 19, as shown in Figure 10.4. A certain female's number 12 chromosomes both have the blue gene and number 19 chromosomes both have the long gene. As cells in her ovaries undergo meiosis, her resulting eggs (ova) may have which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes 
B)  either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes 
C)  either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene 
D)  one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene 
A)  either two number 12 chromosomes with blue genes or two with orange genes 
B)  either two number 19 chromosomes with long genes or two with short genes 
C)  either one blue or one orange gene in addition to either one long or one short gene 
D)  one chromosome 12 with one blue gene and one chromosome 19 with one long gene

Question 12

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. 
A)  They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
D)  They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 13

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N.
-The human X and Y chromosomes

Accepted Answer

A)  are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. 
B)  are about the same size and have approximately the same number of genes. 
C)  are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. 
D)  include genes that determine an individual's sex. 
A)  are both present in every somatic cell of males and females alike. 
B)  are about the same size and have approximately the same number of genes. 
C)  are almost entirely homologous, despite their different names. 
D)  include genes that determine an individual's sex.

Question 14

Figure 10.3
-You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 10.3.
Which sample(s) might represent a zygote?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II

Question 15

Which of the following happens during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. 
B)  The chromosome number per cell is conserved. 
C)  Sister chromatids are separated. 
D)  Four daughter cells are formed. 
A)  Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. 
B)  The chromosome number per cell is conserved. 
C)  Sister chromatids are separated. 
D)  Four daughter cells are formed.

Question 16

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. prophase I V. prophase II
II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II
III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II
IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II
-During which process does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  during mitosis only 
B)  during meiosis I only 
C)  during meiosis II only 
D)  during mitosis and meiosis I 
A)  during mitosis only 
B)  during meiosis I only 
C)  during meiosis II only 
D)  during mitosis and meiosis I

Question 17

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. prophase I V. prophase II
II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II
III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II
IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II
-Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.

Accepted Answer

A)  I only 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  I and VIII only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV only 
A)  I only 
B)  I and IV only 
C)  I and VIII only 
D)  I, II, III, and IV only

Question 18

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N.
-At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  telophase 
A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  telophase

Question 19

Please use the following information to answer the question(s) below.
A woman who has blood type A positive has a daughter who is type O positive and a son who is type B negative. Rh positive is a trait that shows simple dominance over Rh negative and is designated by the alleles R and r, respectively. A third gene for the MN blood group has codominant alleles M and N.
-Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Accepted Answer

A)  The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
B)  Each cell has eight homologous pairs. 
C)  During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. 
D)  A gamete from this species has four chromosomes. 
A)  The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
B)  Each cell has eight homologous pairs. 
C)  During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. 
D)  A gamete from this species has four chromosomes.

Question 20

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. prophase I V. prophase II
II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II
III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II
IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II
-Which of the following statements best describes how often crossing over occurs in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  ~50 times per chromosome pair 
B)  ~2 times per meiotic cell 
C)  at least 1-3 times per chromosome pair 
D)  ~1 time per pair of sister chromatids 
A)  ~50 times per chromosome pair 
B)  ~2 times per meiotic cell 
C)  at least 1-3 times per chromosome pair 
D)  ~1 time per pair of sister chromatids

Exam 10: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Figure 10.1 -Refer to the life cycles illustrated in Figure 10.1. Which of the life cycles is (are) typical for animals?

Figure 10.1 -In part III of Figure 10.1, the progression of events corresponds to which of the following series?

Figure 10.3 -You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 10.3. Which sample(s) might represent an animal cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?

In a human karyotype, chromosomes are arranged in 23 pairs. If we choose one of these pairs, such as pair 14, which of the following do the two chromosomes of the pair have in common?

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase II II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II -Independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis is a result of

The karyotype of one species of primate has 48 chromosomes. In a particular female, cell division malfunctions, and she produces one of her eggs with an extra chromosome (25). The most probable source of this error would be a mistake in which of the following?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Figure 10.3 -You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 10.3. Which sample(s) might represent a zygote?

Which of the following happens during meiosis I?

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase II II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II -During which process does independent assortment of chromosomes occur?

For the following question(s), match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. prophase I V. prophase II II. metaphase I VI. metaphase II III. anaphase I VII. anaphase II IV. telophase I VIII. telophase II -Synaptonemal complexes form or are still present.

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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